欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1-5.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090058

所属专题: 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 •    下一篇

控释尿素对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮含量的影响

杜 君1,孙克刚1,张运红1,和爱玲1,孙克振2   

  1. (1河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所/河南省农业生态与环境重点实验室,郑州 450002;2河南省固始县农业局,河南固始 465200)
  • 收稿日期:2015-09-14 修回日期:2015-10-16 接受日期:2015-10-22 出版日期:2016-03-07 发布日期:2016-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 孙克刚
  • 基金资助:
    河南省财政预算项目“优质稻米的关键施肥技术研究”(20137913)。

Effects of Controlled Release Urea on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Content

Du Jun1, Sun Kegang1, Zhang Yunhong1, He Ailing1, Sun Kezhen2   

  1. (1Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment, Zhengzhou 450002;2Gushi Agricultural Bureau, Gushi Henan 465200)
  • Received:2015-09-14 Revised:2015-10-16 Accepted:2015-10-22 Online:2016-03-07 Published:2016-03-07

摘要: 为探讨等量氮肥及合理节肥条件下,控释尿素对水稻的增产效应及氮素的高效利用,通过田间试验,比较分析了控释尿素(CRU)和普通尿素(CU)在不同施用量下对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:CRU100%处理的产量最高,达8986.5 kg/hm2,较同等氮素用量的CU100%处理增产380.7 kg/hm2,差异呈显著水平。CRU3/4处理与CU100%处理,以及CRU1/2处理与CU100%处理之间产量差异不显著。这说明与普通尿素相比,控释尿素减少1/4~1/2的氮素用量时也能达到同样的产量水平。氮肥利用率以CRU1/2处理最高,达68.3%,较同等氮素用量的CU1/2处理提高20.6个百分点。同时,控释尿素还可明显降低水稻土壤中硝态氮的含量,减少硝态氮向土壤深层渗漏数量,以减轻对地下水污染风险。

关键词: 线性倾向估计, 线性倾向估计, M-K突变检验, 农业气候资源, 变化特征, 海南岛

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of controlled release urea on rice yield and high efficient utilization of nitrogen under the conditions of equal amount of nitrogen fertilizer and reasonable fertilizer, field experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of controlled release urea (CRU) and common urea (CU) with different application doses on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrate nitrogen content. The results showed that the highest yield of rice was 8986.5 kg/hm2 in the treatment of CRU100%. Compared with CU100%, the rice yield in the treatment of CRU 100% increased by 380.7 kg/hm2, the difference was significant. There was no significant difference in the rice yields between the treatments of CRU3/4 and CU100%, and CRU1/2 and CU100%, suggesting that 1/2 to 3/4 nitrogen application rate with CRU could get the same yield as CU treatments. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was 68.3% in the treatment of CRU1/2. Compared with CU1/2 treatment of the equal nitrogen application, the nitrogen use efficiency of CRU1/2 was increased by 20.6 percentage point. Meanwhile, CRU could slow down nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soil profile significantly. The application of CRU could evidently reduce the quantity of soil nitrate nitrogen leaching to deep soil layer and therefore lessen the risk of ground water pollution.