不同生态系统凋落物分解对氮沉降的响应综述

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010004

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (22): 140-150.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010004

所属专题：资源与环境；农业生态

• 资源环境生态土壤气象 • 上一篇下一篇

不同生态系统凋落物分解对氮沉降的响应综述

董雄德¹,邢亚娟^1,2,闫国永^1,3,王庆贵^1,3

(¹黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,哈尔滨 150080；²黑龙江省林业科学研究所,哈尔滨 150081；³东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨 150040）

收稿日期:2016-01-03 修回日期:2016-07-19 接受日期:2016-03-04 出版日期:2016-08-09 发布日期:2016-08-09
通讯作者: 王庆贵
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“大兴安岭北方森林细根动态和形态特征对氮沉降的响应”(41575137)；国家自然科学基金项目“大兴安岭北方森林生态系统对N沉降增加的响应”(31370494)；国家自然科学基金项目“小兴安岭阔叶红松林生态系统对N沉降增加的响应”(31170421)；国家自然科学基金项目“气候变化背景下小兴安岭阔叶红松林土壤碳汇变化机理”(31070406)；科技部基础性工作专项A类项目“东北森林国家级保护区植物群落和土壤生物调查”(2014FY110600)；黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目“黑龙江省寒温带针叶林生态系统碳循环对模拟N沉降的响应”(ZD201406)。

Response of Litter Decomposition in Different Ecosystem Types to Nitrogen Deposition: A Review

Dong Xiongde¹, Xing Yajuan^1,2, Yan Guoyong^1,3, Wang Qinggui^1,3

(¹College of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080;²Institute of Forestry Science of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081;³College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040)

Received:2016-01-03 Revised:2016-07-19 Accepted:2016-03-04 Online:2016-08-09 Published:2016-08-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文章旨在综合不同生态系统类型凋落物对于氮沉降的响应，完善凋落物分解与氮沉降的相互作用机理。氮是构成蛋白质的主要成分，对动物体内氮平衡起重要作用，同时对植物茎叶的生长和果实的发育也有重要影响，是与产量最密切的营养元素。但近几十年来，由于工业、农业、畜牧业等产生越来越多的含氮化合物排向大气，研究表明大气氮沉降增加将对生态系统中的动植物及微生物产生直接或间接的影响，而氮沉降将通过影响微生物的生理生化过程改变凋落物的分解速率，进而影响生态系统的物质循环和能量流动过程。20世纪70年代以来，氮沉降的研究已有诸多报道，国内外很多学者也对氮沉降对凋落物影响的研究进行过评述，但大多基于对某一个陆地生态系统类型或者凋落物降解过程、产量分布、影响因素等进行评价，而氮沉降对不同类型的生态系统凋落物分解的影响还鲜有报道。笔者归纳了氮沉降对不同类型陆地生态系统（森林、草原、荒漠、城市和农田）凋落物分解的影响，为进一步研究不同类型凋落物分解过程对氮沉降的响应提供参考。

关键词: 包膜尿素, 包膜尿素, 黄瓜育苗, 养分吸收, 氮平衡

Abstract: This review aims to summarize the response of litter decomposition in different ecosystem types to nitrogen deposition, in order to improve the interaction mechanism of litter decomposition and nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen is the main component of protein, plays a key role in nitrogen balance in animal body, greatly affects the growth of plant leaf and fruit, and acts as the most closely related nutrient element with the yield. But in recent decades, due to the increasing discharge of nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere such as emission of industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, studies have shown that atmospheric nitrogen deposition directly or indirectly influences the growth of plants, animals and microorganisms in different ecosystems, and through its effect on microbial physiological and biochemical process, changes the litter decomposition rate, in turn, affects the nutrient cycle and energy flow process of the ecosystem. From 1970s-1990s, there were many research literatures about nitrogen deposition, scholars at home and abroad made comments on the influence of nitrogen deposition on litter, but mostly based on one terrestrial ecosystem type or litter degradation process, production distribution, evaluation of the influencing factors and so on. However, the influence of nitrogen deposition on the litter decomposition in different ecosystem types was rarely reported. Thus, the authors summarized the influence of nitrogen deposition on the litter decomposition in different terrestrial ecosystem types (forest, grassland, desert, city and farmland), to provide certain references for further study on the response of litter decomposition process in different ecosystem types to nitrogen deposition.

董雄德,邢亚娟,闫国永,王庆贵. 不同生态系统凋落物分解对氮沉降的响应综述[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(22): 140-150.

Dong Xiongde,Xing Yajuan,Yan Guoyong and Wang Qinggui. Response of Litter Decomposition in Different Ecosystem Types to Nitrogen Deposition: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2016, 32(22): 140-150.

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不同生态系统凋落物分解对氮沉降的响应综述

Response of Litter Decomposition in Different Ecosystem Types to Nitrogen Deposition: A Review

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