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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 72-77.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040159

所属专题： 油料作物

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜覆盖方式对花生田土壤含水量、温度及产量的影响

戴良香,康涛,张冠初,丁红,慈敦伟,杨吉顺,秦斐斐,张智猛   

  1. 山东省花生研究所,泰安市农业科学院,山东省花生研究所,山东省花生研究所,山东省花生研究所,山东省花生研究所,山东省花生研究所,山东省花生研究所
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-26 修回日期:2017-03-06 接受日期:2016-06-24 出版日期:2017-03-17 发布日期:2017-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 张智猛
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划“花生高产高效关键技术研究与示范”(2014BAD11B04)；山东省科技发展计划项目“花生抗旱耐盐胁迫机制研究和高产 高效节水技术集成”(2013GNC11107)；山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队岗位专家(SDAIT-05-022-06)；山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题“滨 海盐碱地花生高产高效关键技术研究”；山东省自主创新专项“盐碱地粮油（花生）均衡增产技术集成研究与示范”(2014ZZCX07401-11)；青岛市民生 科技计划“盐碱地花生高产优质关键技术研究和示范”(14-2-3-34-nsh)。

Film Mulching Affecting Soil Moisture Content, Soil Temperature and Peanut Yield

  • Received:2016-04-26 Revised:2017-03-06 Accepted:2016-06-24 Online:2017-03-17 Published:2017-03-17

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492

摘要： 为探讨半干旱区旱地地膜覆盖方式对花生田土壤水分、温度及植株生长发育动态特征的影响,测定了不同覆盖方式下,垄作花生各生育时期耕层土壤水分(0-40 cm)、土壤温度(0-25 cm)变化情况。结果表明,(1)覆盖方式影响0-40 cm 土层土壤含水量变化,随生育期推进,各土层和起垄位置土壤含水量均表现“抛物线型”变化趋势；各覆盖方式下,花生苗期垄面处0-40 cm土层含水量明显低于垄沟处,且苗期至开花期垄沟处土壤含水量降幅较大。(2)不同覆盖方式主要通过提高日最高温度来影响耕层土壤温度的变化,花生生长前期,地温受覆盖方式影响强烈,多垄覆盖方式的日最高温度较高,达36.2℃；花生生育后期,地温受覆盖方式的影响较小,开花后,覆盖方式对0-10 cm日地温的影响不明显,但对15 -25cm土层14:00～18:00时地温影响较大,且以L3较高、L0和L1较低。(3)覆盖栽培对花生田土壤14:00时温度影响强烈,可使花生苗期耕层土壤日平均温度升高0.5~2.4 ℃,且最大温差出现在15 cm土层的垄中面花生行间位置。(4)地膜覆盖可增产16.81%~37.17%,水分利用效率提高17.03%~37.42%。常规起垄覆膜双行栽培花生的覆盖方式是较为经济、高效、易耕作的覆盖种植方式。

关键词: 白蜡, 白蜡, 胸径, 生长指标, 模型

Abstract: The aim was to study the effect of the different cover modes of plastic film on the soil moisture content , soil temperature in peanut field and peanut growth and development in the semi arid region. The soil moisture in the plough horizon (0-40 cm) and soil temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer were measured in ridge culture under different cover modes of plastic film. The result showed (1) The soil moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer was affected by different cover modes. The soil moisture content in different soil layer and different ridge position showed parabolic trend with the promotion of growth period. The soil moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer of ridge side was significantly lower than that of furrow in peanut seedling stage. The decreasing range of soil moisture content from seedling stage to flowering stage in furrow was larger.(2)The soil temperature was affected by increasing the daily maximum temperature under different cover modes. The soil temperature was strongly affected by cover modes during early growth stage of peanut. The highest daily maximum temperature was up to 36.2℃ of multi ridge covering. The soil temperature was less affected by cover modes during late growth stage. The soil temperature in 0-10 cm soil layer was not significant affected by cover mode after flowering, while remarkably affect the soil temperature in soil layer below 15 cm during 14:00～18:00. The soil temperature of L3 was highest , which of L0 and L1 were lower. (3)The soil temperature at 14:00 was significantly affected by mulching cultivation. The soil average daily temperature of plough horizon increased 0.5~2.4 ℃ at seedling stage under mulching cultivation, and the greatest temperature difference appeared at 15 cm soil layer in the middle of ridge. (4) Mulching can improve the yield 16.81%~37.17%, water use efficiency increased 37.42%~17.03%.The ridge film mulching and double row cultivation of peanut is an economical, efficient, easy cultivation method.