欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (23): 43-48.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050046

• 水产 渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

湟水河上游大型底栖动物多样性及水体理化因子调查分析

李 宁,陈阿兰,杨春江,马 琪,马国良,孙瑜旸,白露超   

  1. 青海大学农牧学院农林系,青海大学农牧学院农林系,青海大学农牧学院农林系,青海大学农牧学院农林系,青海大学农牧学院农林系,青海大学农牧学院农林系,青海大学农牧学院农林系
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-10 修回日期:2016-07-01 接受日期:2016-06-20 出版日期:2016-08-10 发布日期:2016-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 李 宁
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“青藏高原城镇化对水生昆虫多样性的影响机制”(31560601)；青海省自然基金项目“城镇化对湟水河水生昆虫多样性影响机制的研究”(2014-ZJ-905)

Diversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Water Physical and Chemical Indexes in Upstream of Huangshui River

  • Received:2016-05-10 Revised:2016-07-01 Accepted:2016-06-20 Online:2016-08-10 Published:2016-08-10

PDF (PC)

411

摘要： 为研究青藏高原农牧交错地带水生生物与环境指标的关系，于2015 年5 月（枯水季）和8 月（丰水季），调查分析了湟水河上游47 个样点水体的理化指标和大型无脊椎底栖动物。水体物理指标现场采用多参数水质检测仪和FP311 杆式流速仪检测；采集水样带回实验室测定化学指标，总氮和总磷采用过硫酸钾氧化紫外分光光度法测定；NH4 -N含量采用纳氏试剂光度法测定。底栖动物采用索伯网和D形网采集。结果显示：支流各项理化指标数据均优于干流，尤其以浊度、细砂淤泥比例、NH4 -N、TN和TP 最为显著。底栖动物共鉴定出28 科57 属59 种，其中昆虫纲7 目54 种，占所有底栖动物种类的91.5%，个体数4444 头，占所有底栖动物数量的76.4%，甲壳纲、软体动物类、寡毛类等底栖动物个体数占底栖动物总量的23.6%。湟水河上游支流底栖动物平均分类单元数(6.76)基本与干流相当(8.04)，对水质敏感的EPT平均分类单元数支流(3.36)也与干流相当(2.48)，但干流底栖动物耐污染种类比例明显高于支流，而支流敏感种类比例明显高于干流。从底栖动物群落结构和水体理化指标来看，湟水河上游支流总体优 于干流，其差异源于干流受污染较重。

关键词: 辽宁杨, 辽宁杨, 叶片, 不定芽, 再生

Abstract: To study the relationship between aquatic organisms and environmental indexes in the interlaced areas of agriculture and animal husbandry in Qinghai, diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and physical and chemical indexes were investigated at 47 sampling sites in the upstream of Huangshui River in April (dry season) and August (rainy season) of 2015. In the sampling sites, water physical indexes of Huangshui River were determined by multiparameter water quality tester and FP311 bar-type flow meter. And water chemical indexes were tested in the laboratory. The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry of potassium persulfate oxidation, the content of NH4 -N were determined by Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometry, and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected by Sauber’s net and D-shaped net. The results showed that the physical and chemical indexes in the branch stream of Huangshui River were better than that of the trunk stream, especially the turbidity, proportion of fine sand, contents of NH4 -N, TN and TP. There were a total of 59 species of the macro-invertebrates in 57 genera, 28 families. Among them, 4444 individuals of 54 species were belonged to 7 orders of Insecta, accounting for 91.5% of all species and 76.4% of the total individuals. Individuals in Crustacean, Mollusca and Oligochaeta occupied 23.6% of the total individuals. The average number of total taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates in the branch stream of Huangshui River was 6.76, which was not far from that in the trunk stream (8.14); the average number of total taxa of EPT in the branch stream of Huangshui River was 3.36, which had not obvious difference compared with that of the trunk stream (2.48). However, the species number of the pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrates in the trunk stream was larger than that in the branch stream, and the species number of the pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrates in the branch stream was larger than that in the trunk stream. The results indicated that water quality in the branch stream of was better than that of the trunk stream, and the difference was caused by the heavier pollution in the trunk stream.

中图分类号: