长期施肥大麦生育期双季稻田土壤微生物和酶活性动态变化特征

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060047

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (13): 12-20.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060047

所属专题：生物技术；小麦；水稻

长期施肥大麦生育期双季稻田土壤微生物和酶活性动态变化特征

徐一兰¹,唐海明²,李益锋¹,肖小平²,李微艳²,孙耿²,程凯凯²

(¹湖南生物机电职业技术学院,长沙 410127；²湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙 410125）

收稿日期:2016-06-08 修回日期:2017-04-21 接受日期:2016-07-25 出版日期:2017-05-16 发布日期:2017-05-16
通讯作者: 唐海明
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“不同施肥模式对大麦-双季稻田甲烷氧化菌多样性及活性影响的研究”(31201178)，“不同施肥模式对大麦-双季稻田甲烷氧化菌多样性及活性影响的研究”(31571591)。

Dynamic Change of Soil Microbe and Soil Enzyme Activities During Barley Main Growth Stages Under Different Long-term Fertilizer Treatments

Xu Yilan¹, Tang Haiming², Li Yifeng¹, Xiao Xiaoping², Li Weiyan², Sun Geng², Cheng Kaikai²

(¹College of Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127;²Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha 410125)

Received:2016-06-08 Revised:2017-04-21 Accepted:2016-07-25 Online:2017-05-16 Published:2017-05-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 施肥与土壤微生物和酶活性关系密切，为探明大麦?双季稻三熟制种植模式下不同施肥处理对大麦(Hordaum vulgare L.)各个生育时期稻田土壤微生物和酶活性的影响，本研究以湖南宁乡长期定位试验为平台，分析了5种施肥处理之间[化肥(MF)、秸秆还田化肥(RF)、30%有机肥 70%化肥(OM1)、60%有机肥 40%化肥(OM2)和无肥(CK)]稻田土壤微生物和酶活性动态变化特征。大麦各主要生育时期，长期施肥促进了部分生理功能土壤微生物数量。土壤甲烷细菌和甲烷氧化菌数量均以OM2和OM1处理最高，均显著高于其他处理(P＜0.05)；各施肥处理土壤硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量大小顺序分别表现为OM2＞OM1＞RF＞MF＞CK和OM2＞OM1＞CK＞RF＞MF；固氮菌和氨化细菌数量均表现为OM1＞OM2＞RF＞MF＞CK；纤维素分解菌数量表现为OM1＞MF＞OM2＞RF＞CK。大麦各个主要生育时期，施肥显著提高了土壤酶的活性，各施肥处理土壤脲酶活性大小顺序表现为RF＞OM2＞OM1＞MF＞CK；过氧化氢酶活性以OM2处理为最高，与RF、MF和CK处理的差异达显著水平 (P＜0.05)；OM2处理的蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性均为最高，均显著高于CK处理(P＜0.05)；纤维素酶活性均以RF处理最高，均显著高于MF和CK处理(P＜0.05)。长期施肥促进了部分生理功能土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性，其中以有机无机肥配施效果最为明显。

关键词: 黄菖蒲幼苗, 黄菖蒲幼苗, 完全水淹, 形态特征, 生理特性

Abstract: Soil microbe and soil enzyme activities are closely relative with the fertilizer inputs. Our objective was to explore the dynamic change of soil microbe and soil enzyme activities in paddy soil during barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) main growth stages with different long?term fertilizer managements in the double cropping rice system. we analyzed the soil microbe and soil enzyme activities with mineral fertilizer alone (MF), rice residues plus mineral fertilizer (RF), 30% organic matter and 70% mineral fertilizer (OM1), 60% organic matter and 40% mineral fertilizer (OM2), and without fertilizer (CK) basis on long?term fertilizer experiment. The results showed that different fertilization managements on paddy soil significantly affected some physiological function soil microbial quantityl. The amount of methanogens and methanotrophs in soil with OM2 and OM1 was highest, and was significantly higher than that of MF, RF, CK at the main growth stages of barley. And the amount of nitrifying and denitrification bacteria in soil for different fertilizer managements was OM2>OM1>RF>MF>CK and OM2>OM1>CK>RF>MF at the main growth stages of barley, respectively. Meanwhile, the amount of azotobacteria and ammonifiers in soil for different fertilizer managements was OM1>OM2>RF>MF>CK at the main growth stages of barley, and the amount of cellulose?decomposing bacteria in soil for different fertilizer managements was OM1>MF>OM2>RF>CK at the main growth stages of barley. Meanwhile, the soil enzyme activities were increased by application with fertilizer at the main growth stages of barley. The soil urease activity for different fertilizer managements was RF>OM2>OM1>MF>CK at the main growth stages of barley. The value of soil catalase activity with OM2 was highest, and was significantly higher than that of RF, MF, CK at the main growth stages of barley. The value of soil invertase and soil dehydrogenase activities with OM2 was highest, and was significantly higher than that of CK at the main growth stages of barley. And the value of soil cellobiohyrolase activity with RF was highest, and was significantly higher than that of MF, CK at the main growth stages of barley. As a result, the soil microbe and soil enzyme activities were increased by applied with fertilizer managements, the effect of inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure is better than that of only inorganic fertilizer.

徐一兰,唐海明,李益锋,肖小平,李微艳,孙耿,程凯凯. 长期施肥大麦生育期双季稻田土壤微生物和酶活性动态变化特征[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(13): 12-20.

Xu Yilan,Tang Haiming,Li Yifeng,Xiao Xiaoping,Li Weiyan,Sun Geng and Cheng Kaikai. Dynamic Change of Soil Microbe and Soil Enzyme Activities During Barley Main Growth Stages Under Different Long-term Fertilizer Treatments[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2017, 33(13): 12-20.

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长期施肥大麦生育期双季稻田土壤微生物和酶活性动态变化特征

Dynamic Change of Soil Microbe and Soil Enzyme Activities During Barley Main Growth Stages Under Different Long-term Fertilizer Treatments

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