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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 96-103.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010101

所属专题： 小麦

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南小麦需水量及其降水亏缺率研究

杨 柯1,2,3,王鹏云1,2,王 辉1,2,曾 艳1,2   

  1. (1云南省昆明农业气象试验站,昆明 650228；2昆明市官渡区气象局,昆明 650228；3云南省安宁市气象局,云南安宁 650300）
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-19 修回日期:2017-03-11 接受日期:2017-02-23 出版日期:2017-04-26 发布日期:2017-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 杨柯
  • 基金资助:
    昆明市科技计划项目“山地果园干旱监测和水分调控技术研究与示范”(2015-2-N-02088)；云南省科技计划项目“基于粮食安全生产的干旱灾害预警技术研究及应用”(2010CA017)。

Water Requirement and Precipitation Deficit of Wheat in Yunnan

Yang Ke1,2,3, Wang Pengyu1,2, Wang Hui1,2, Zeng Yan1,2   

  1. (1KunmingAgrometeorological Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650228; 2Guandu Meteorological Bureau, Kunming 650228; 3Anning Meteorological Bureau, Yunnan Province, Anning Yunnan 650300)
  • Received:2017-01-19 Revised:2017-03-11 Accepted:2017-02-23 Online:2017-04-26 Published:2017-04-26

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摘要： 为研究云南小麦生长期自然降水亏缺率时空分布，提供干旱灾害防御和节水灌溉技术支持，利用1972—2016年45年云南115个站气象数据，采用Penman-Monteith公式分析小麦需水量和降水亏缺率时空分布。结果表明：小麦全生育期降雨量年际变异大，需水量呈上升趋势，平均降水量为136.4 mm，平均需水量为290.9 mm。45年中有87%的年份在小麦全生育期自然降水不足，其中特重度缺水比例占21%年份。在拔节、孕穗需水关键期和抽穗开花需水临界期，降水亏缺率大，小麦处于特重度缺水状况。降水亏缺率空间分布显示，全省115个小麦种植县，有87.1%的降水亏缺率大于50%，降水亏缺率达到70%以上的占到35.3%。

关键词: 芥蓝, 芥蓝, 杂交种, 品种, 农艺性状, 品质

Abstract: Abstract： The paper aims to study the temporal and spatial distribution of natural precipitation deficit in wheat growing period in Yunnan area, and provide technique support for drought disaster prevention and water-saving irrigation. Calling 45-year meteorological data of 115 counties from Yunnan Province from 1972 to 2016, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of wheat water requirement and precipitation deficit is analyzed by calculating Penman-Monteith formula.The result indicates that: the inter-annual variability of precipitation of wheat growth period was large and the water requirement is on a rise trend. The average precipitation was 136.4 mm and the average water requirement was 290.9 mm. Years of severe water shortage reached 21% in 87% of these 45 year. At the jointing-booting water requirement key period and heading-blooming stage critical water requirement period, the precipitation deficit rate was high as the wheat was in a severe water shortage. The spatial distribution has shown that the proportion of the 115 wheat planting counties which had a precipitation deficit rate greater than 50% reached 87.1%. Furthermore, the rate of more than 70% accounted for up to 35.3%.