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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (19): 57-64.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010115

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

苹果矮砧育种国内研究进展

杜学梅,杨廷桢,高敬东,王 骞,蔡华成,李春燕,弓桂花   

  1. (山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,太原 030031)
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-22 修回日期:2017-05-29 接受日期:2017-03-25 出版日期:2017-07-11 发布日期:2017-07-11
  • 通讯作者: 杨廷桢
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划子课题“主要果树新品种选育”(2013BAD02B01-2);农业部产业技术体系建设“国家苹果产业技术体系晋中综合试验站 建设”(CARS-28);山西省重点实验室建设项目“果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室”(2015012001-12);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“苹果 矮化砧木收集、评价、筛选与示范”(201203075-02);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“苹果资源的收集、评价与优异种质创新利用技术研究与示范” (201303093);山西省农科院十三五育种工程项目“苹果砧木种质资源创新与新品种选育”(16yzgc070)。

Advances in Breeding Apple Dwarf Rootstock in China

Du Xuemei, Yang Tingzhen, Gao Jingdong, Wang Qian, Cai Huacheng, Li Chunyan, Gong Guihua   

  1. (Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Taiyuan 030031)
  • Received:2017-01-22 Revised:2017-05-29 Accepted:2017-03-25 Online:2017-07-11 Published:2017-07-11

摘要: 为促进国内苹果矮化砧木选育工作的发展,从矮生种质资源、矮砧选育成效、矮生实生苗预选指标、矮砧育种存在问题等方面对国内苹果矮砧育种研究现状进行了综述。中国苹果矮砧育种目前仍以杂交育种、株系选育、实生选种为主,选出了SH系、Y系、‘GM256’等生产上表现较好的品系;在基因工程育种和分子标记辅助育种方面做了探索性研究,取得了可喜的进展;筛选出了材皮率、枝条电阻值、POD酶、内源激素等多种可以应用于杂交实生苗早期预选指标,但任何一个单一指标都不能很好地预测后代矮化性能,要多指标并用方可提高预选的准确率。分析了国内目前苹果矮砧选育中存在砧木育种体系不健全、现代育种技术滞后、育种力量薄弱等问题,并对育种前景进行了展望。

关键词: 台风, 台风, 强度, 路径, 成因分析

Abstract: For improving apple dwarf rootstock breeding, its study status in China is summarized from dwarf germplasm resources, breeding effect, preselected indices of seedling, breeding problem and etc. Crossbreeding, selection breeding of strain lines, selecting by seedlings are chief methods of apple rootstock breeding in China now, better series applied to production are selected, such as SH series, Y series,‘GM256’ and so on. Gene project breeding and molecular marker assisted breeding are studied and have great progress. Preselected indices which could be applied in crossbreeding seedling, such as ratio of xylem and phloem, shoot electron resistance, POD enzyme and hormones, are screened out. Dwarf property of offspring should be forecasted combined with many preselect indices, not by an individual index. Some problems are analyzed including inadequate rootstock breeding system and modern breeding technology, weak breeding ability and etc., and the breeding prospect of apple rootstock is discussed.

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