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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 60-64.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080062

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减施对黔茶1号产量与品质的影响

刘声传,龙毅,林开勤,李燕,陈正武,周玉锋   

  1. 贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州省农业科技发展中心,贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-15 修回日期:2018-02-05 接受日期:2017-10-25 出版日期:2018-02-26 发布日期:2018-02-26
  • 通讯作者: 周玉锋
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划子课题“西南地区（渝川贵）茶园化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范”(2016YFD0200906)；贵州省农业动植物育种 专项“黔茶1 号区域适应性高效栽培研究与示范”[黔农育专字(2012)022 号]；贵州省体改项目“现代高效农业园区茶叶栽培与加工技术集成示范”[黔 科合体Z字(2013)4008]；贵州省科研机构服务企业行动计划项目“黔茶系列茶树品种推广应用园区及能力建设”[黔科合服企(2014)4008 号]。

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reducing on Yield and Quality of Tea‘Qiancha 1’

龙毅,,, and   

  • Received:2017-08-15 Revised:2018-02-05 Accepted:2017-10-25 Online:2018-02-26 Published:2018-02-26

摘要： 为茶园化肥减施增效，比较分析不施肥(CK)、基肥（茶树专用有机无机复混肥）+追肥+撒施(T1)、基肥（茶树专用有机无机复混肥）+追肥+沟施(T2)（化肥减施量20%）、基肥（金正大控释肥+油饼）+追肥+沟施(T3)（化肥减施量35.3%）、基肥（恩泰克复合肥+油饼）+追肥+沟施(T4)（化肥减施量36.2%）对‘黔茶1号’春茶产量与品质的影响。结果表明，CK、T1、T2、T3、T4之间产量和品质差异显著，CK的效果最差；T2、T3、T4的产量分别较T1增产6.9%、21.1%、15.1%；T3、T4与T1的水浸出物、茶多酚、游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、酚氨比无显著差异。相关性分析表明，化肥减施量与春茶产量、发芽密度、百芽重和咖啡碱含量呈高度负相关，与茶多酚含量中度负相关，与水浸出物和游离氨基酸含量低度正相关，与酚氨比低度负相关。茶园肥料沟施效果好于撒施，新型肥料与有机肥搭配施用，减施增效效果更好。

关键词: 固定化, 固定化, 释放, 水解氮, 有效磷, 速效钾

Abstract: To save fertilizer and improve fertilizer efficiency in tea garden, a field test was conducted to study the effects of five fertilization practices on tea yield and quality in tea plant cultivar ‘Qiancha 1’. Five fertilization modes include no fertilizer (CK), base fertilizer (organic-inorganic fertilizer for tea plant)+ topdressing+ broadcast (T1), base fertilizer (organic-inorganic fertilizer for tea plant)+ topdressing+ furrow (T2) (reduce 20.0% chemical fertilizer), base fertilizer (Jinzhengda controlled-release fertilizer+ oil cake)+ topdressing+ furrow (T3) (reduce 35.3% chemical fertilizer), and base fertilizer (ENTEC compound fertilizer+ oil cake)+ topdressing+ furrow (T4) (reduce 36.2% chemical fertilizer). The results showed that the significant differences of yield and quality among CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4 were observed, and the worst effects were observed in CK. Compared to the T1, the yield of T2, T3 and T4 increased 6.9%, 21.1% and 15.1%, respectively. The correlation analyses indicated that reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer had high negative correlations with yield of spring tea, budding density, weight per 100 buds and caffeine content, moderate negative correlations with tea polyphenols content, while low positive correlations with water extracts and free amino acids content, but low negative correlations with ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids. The results of this study indicate that fertilizer furrow is better than broadcast in tea garden, while the application of novel fertilizer mixed with manure contributes more to saving fertilizer and improving fertilizer efficiency.

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