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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (13): 8-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0405

所属专题: 小麦 水稻

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻田肥料减施对小麦秸秆腐解规律的影响

信彩云(), 王瑜, 赵庆雷, 马惠()   

  1. 山东省农业科学院水稻研究所/山东省水稻工程技术研究中心,济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-25 修回日期:2020-10-10 出版日期:2021-05-05 发布日期:2021-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 马惠
  • 作者简介:信彩云,女,1983年出生,山东德州人,助理研究员,博士,研究方向:水稻生理生态研究。通信地址:250100 山东济南历城区桑园路2号203室 山东省水稻研究所,Tel:0531-66659048,E-mail:yun.come2004@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金项目“盐锻炼提高水稻耐盐能力的生理机制”(ZR2018LC013);山东省重点研发“基于山东稻麦轮作区秸秆快速腐解的水稻水肥高效调控技术研究”(2019GSF109078);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目“山东省水稻研究所学科团队建设”(CXGC2016A05);“粮田资源环境长期定位监测”(CXGC2018E16)

Effects of Rice Field Fertilizer Reduction on Wheat Straw Decomposition

Xin Caiyun(), Wang Yu, Zhao Qinglei, Ma Hui()   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Shandong Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinan 250100
  • Received:2020-08-25 Revised:2020-10-10 Online:2021-05-05 Published:2021-05-18
  • Contact: Ma Hui

摘要:

以稻田肥料等量减施为背景,研究小麦秸秆在腐解过程中秸秆残余率、氮、磷、钾以及纤维素类碳水化合物的累积释放率和平均释放速率。全氮采用H2SO4-H2O2消煮-蒸馏法,全磷采用钼锑抗比色法,全钾采用火焰光度计法测定,纤维素、半纤维素、木质素采用分光度计比色法进行测定。计算秸秆的残余率、物质累积释放率、物质平均释放率,并采用修正后的Olson指数衰减模型对秸秆的腐解动态进行拟合。结果表明,施肥会促进小麦秸秆在稻田中的腐解、秸秆残余率的降低,采用修正后的Olson指数衰减模型对秸秆腐解进程的模拟显示,CK和F50处理下秸秆腐解50%的理论预测时间比CK0处理分别缩短22天和12天,CK和F50处理下秸秆腐解95%的理论预测时间比CK0处理分别缩短95天和59天,施用肥料可促进秸秆中氮、磷、钾及纤维素类碳水化合物的累积释放率和平均释放速率,其中,肥料减施对钾素累积释放率影响最小,秸秆中氮磷钾养分前期的平均释放速率相对较快,纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的秸秆释放周期较长。稻麦轮作系统中,施用肥料可促进小麦秸秆的氮、磷、钾及纤维素类碳水化合物的累积释放率和平均释放速率。研究结果可为小麦秸秆肥料化利用提供理论支持。

关键词: 腐解规律, 秸秆, 肥料, 稻田, 释放速率, 残余率

Abstract:

The cumulative release rate and average release rate of straw residues, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and cellulosic carbohydrates during the decomposition of wheat straw were investigated under the condition of the same amount of fertilizer reduction in rice field. Total nitrogen was determined by H2SO4-H2O2 digestion-distillation method, total phosphorus by molybdenum-antimony anticolorimetry, total potassium by flame photometric method, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by colorimetric method. The residual rate, cumulative release rate and average release rate of straw were calculated, and the decay dynamics of straw were fitted with modified Olson exponential decay model. The results showed that fertilization could promote the decomposition of wheat straw in the rice field and reduce the residual rate of straw. Meanwhile, the modified Olson exponential decay model was used to simulate the decomposition process of straw. It was shown that the theoretical prediction time of 50% straw decomposition under CK and F50 treatment was shortened by 22 days and 12 days respectively compared with CK0 treatment. The theoretical prediction time of 95% straw decomposition under CK and F50 treatment was reduced by 95 days and 59 days compared with CK0 treatment, respectively. Fertilizer application could promote the cumulative carbohydrates release rate and the average release rate of straw nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and fiber, in which, the fertilizer reduction had the least effect on the cumulative release rate of potassium, the average release rate of NPK nutrients was relatively quick in the early stage, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin had longer release period. In rice-wheat rotation system, fertilizer application could promote the cumulative and average release rate of N, P, K and cellulose carbohydrate of wheat straw, and the study could provide theoretical support for fertilizer utilization of wheat straw.

Key words: decomposition pattern, straw, fertilizer, rice field, release rate, residual rate

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