欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (23): 66-71.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030117

所属专题： 园艺

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

西南冷凉高地昭通苹果园土壤养分现状分析与评价

黄国嫣1, 龚占斌1, 王 进2, 王永刚2, 李 超1, 张秀英1, 张 丹1, 鲁兴凯1, 武孔敏3,3   

  1. 1.昭通苹果产业研究所;2.昭阳区农业技术推广中心;3.昭通市农业科学院
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-23 修回日期:2019-07-23 接受日期:2018-11-16 出版日期:2019-08-13 发布日期:2019-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 武孔敏
  • 基金资助:
    无基金

Apple Orchards in Zhaotong Located in Southwest Cold Highland: Current Status of Soil Nutrients

  • Received:2018-03-23 Revised:2019-07-23 Accepted:2018-11-16 Online:2019-08-13 Published:2019-08-13

PDF (PC)

143

摘要： [目的]云南昭通是我国南方优质苹果生产基地,为摸清昭通苹果园土壤养分现状,[方法]在昭通苹果主产地的昭阳区洒渔、乐居、苏家院、旧圃、永丰5镇选取了100个具有代表性的果园土壤进行实地取样。[结果]通过对所取土壤养分含量测定分析,结果表明：1、土壤 0～40 cm 土层有机质、水解性氮、速效磷、速效钾、交换钙、交换镁、有效铁、有效锌、有效锰、有效硼、有效硫和硒均值分别为2.42%、117.50 mg/kg、24.87 mg/kg、167.06 mg/kg、2947.00 mg/kg、401.71 mg/kg、131.55 mg/kg、5.75 mg/kg、230.56 mg/kg、0.62 mg/kg、73.74 mg/kg和0.19 mg/kg。有机质、水解性氮含量适量,有效钾、速效磷含量丰富,交换钙和交换镁含量偏高,易造成拮抗作用,有效铁、有效锌、有效锰、有效硫含量都存在过量现象,有效硼含量适中,果园土壤养分分布不均衡。2、对苹果园土壤养分在土壤剖面 0-4 0cm 和 40-60 cm 垂直分布差异分析表明：土壤中各养分元素都是0～40 cm 土层明显大于 40～60 cm 土层含量,有些元素垂直含量的差异比较明显,不同地区苹果园土壤含量上下差异不同。3、通过对比5个苹果主产区土壤 0～40 cm 养分含量,表明：土壤有机质含量乐居＞旧圃＞苏家院＞永丰＞洒渔；土壤水解性氮含量乐居＞苏家院＞旧圃＞洒渔＞永丰,且含量差别较大；土壤速效磷含量永丰＞旧圃＞苏家院＞洒渔＞乐居,但均达到丰富标准。土壤速效钾含量永丰＞旧圃＞洒渔＞乐居＞苏家院,大多数果园含量丰富。[结论] 分析结果表明昭通苹果园土壤养分分布不均衡,建议果农进行测土配方施肥,提高土壤养分利用率,为昭通地区苹果提质增效,产业升级提供理论依据。

关键词: 刺槐, 刺槐, 盐胁迫, 生理指标, 耐盐性综合评价

Abstract: To clarify the current status of soil nutrients in apple orchards of Zhaotong and provide a basis for soil management, we chose 100 orchard soil samples at 5 main apple production areas in Zhaotong and analyzed their nutrients. The results showed that: (1) the average content of organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen (N), rapid available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), available- Fe, Zn, Mn, B, S, and Se in 0-40 cm soil layer was 2.42%, 117.50 mg/kg, 24.87 mg/kg, 167.06 mg/kg, 2947.00 mg/kg, 401.71 mg/kg, 131.55 mg/kg, 5.75 mg/kg, 230.56 mg/kg, 0.62 mg/kg, 73.74 mg/kg and 0.19 mg/kg, respectively; (2) the content of nutrient elements in 0-40 cm soil layer obviously higher than that of 40-60 cm, and their difference was significant; (3) in 0-40 cm soil layer, the organic matter content was: Leju>Jiupu> Sujiayuan>Yongfeng>Sayu; the hydrolytic nitrogen content was: Leju>Sujiayuan>Jiupu>Sayu>Yongfeng; the available phosphorus content was: Yongfeng> Jiupu> Sujiayuan > Sayu>Leju; the available potassium content was: Yongfeng>Jiupu>Sayu>Leju>Sujiayuan. The content of organic matter and available phosphorus i moderate in orchard soil of Zhaotong, the hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium are abundant; the soil fertility is strong, however, the content of medium and trace elements are all excessive and prone to antagonistic effects. So we suggest that organic fertilizer should be applied increasingly, N, P, K application should be balanced, and medium and trace elements should be used cautiously, so as to reduce chemical fertilizer, stabilize production and improve apple quality in Zhaotong.