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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 74-79.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090098

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

基施沼渣液替代化肥氮对葡萄产量及品质的影响

王守红1, 王桂良1, 寇祥明1, 张家宏1(), 朱凌宇1, 徐荣2, 韩光明1, 吴雷鸣2, 唐鹤军2, 毕建花2   

  1. 1 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州 225007
    2 江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心,江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-20 修回日期:2018-12-24 出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 张家宏
  • 作者简介:王守红,男,1970年出生,江苏兴化人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事农业有机废弃物处理与资源化利用研究。通信地址：225007 江苏扬州扬子江路568号 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,Tel：0514-87300565,E-mail：yzwish@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业科技自主创新资金“适度规模农牧结合循环生产关键技术研究与示范”([CX(16)1003]);江苏省农业可再生资源循环利用项目“高邮市大田循环利用项目”(NYKCX[2016]012);扬州市2017年度农业生态环保项目“农业面源污染防治示范方建设项目”(YZNYHB2017004)

Biogas Residue Substituting Chemical Fertilizer Nitrogen as Basal Fertilizer: Effect on Grape Yield and Quality

Wang Shouhong1, Wang Guiliang1, Kou Xiangming1, Zhang Jiahong1(), Zhu Lingyu1, Xu Rong2, Han Guangming1, Wu Leiming2, Tang Hejun2, Bi Jianhua2   

  1. 1 Lixiahe District Agricultural Institute of Jiangsu, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225007
    2 Ecological Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center of Jiangsu, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009
  • Received:2018-09-20 Revised:2018-12-24 Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-04-30
  • Contact: Zhang Jiahong

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摘要：

以氮元素含量为定量指标,设计1个全施化肥处理和5个基施沼渣液替代化肥氮处理,以期为大面积生产葡萄园基肥施用沼渣液技术的推广和应用提供一定的理论参考。研究结果表明,随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,葡萄产量呈现先增加后下降的趋势,100%NZY处理产量最高,为18197.03 kg/hm 2;粒重和穗重呈现同样的变化趋势。随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,萌芽至成熟天数、叶片SPAD值、新梢节间长、粗度、百叶鲜重及单叶面积等生长指标都呈现逐渐增加的趋势,其中以150%NZY处理最高,表现出成熟期延迟,贪青晚熟,从而影响产量。基施沼渣液替代化肥氮可改善葡萄果粒品质,以70%NZY和100%NZY处理较好。随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,葡萄果粒重金属Cu、Zn和Pb含量均有所增加,Cr含量则有所下降,Cd和As含量无明显变化。各处理中葡萄果粒重金属含量均低于相应的污染物限量标准(GB 2762—2005)。因此,本研究认为,综合葡萄产量和品质指标,沼渣液替代100%化肥氮可作为葡萄园定量化基施沼渣液的参考。

关键词: 基肥, 沼渣液, 化肥氮, 葡萄, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The content of nitrogen was taken as quantitative index, one full chemical fertilizer treatment and five treatments of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer were designed to study the application potential of biogas residue as basal fertilizer for grape production in large area. The results showed that the grape yield first increased and then decreased, with the increase of the ratio of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer, and the yield of 100%NZY treatment was the highest, as 18197.03 kg/hm 2; grape weight and grape bunch weight showed the same trend. With the increase of the ratio of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer, some growth indicators, such as days from germination to maturity, leaf SPAD values, the internode length and roughness of new tip, 100 leaves fresh weight and single leaf area, showed a gradually growing trend, and reached the highest in 150%NZY treatment, showing delayed maturation period and remaining green when it due to become ripe, which affected the yield. The quality of grape fruit can be improved by using biogas residue as basal fertilizer, 70%NZY and 100%NZY treatments had good effect. The content of Cu, Zn and Pb in grape fruit increased slightly, while the content of Cr decreased slightly, the content of Cd and As showed no remarkable change, with the increase of the ratios of chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer. The contents of heavy metal in grape fruit of all treatments were lower than the maximum levels of contaminants in foods (GB 2762-2005). Therefore, considering grape yield and quality indicators, 100% chemical fertilizer nitrogen substituted by biogas residue as basal fertilizer could be used as a reference for quantitative application of biogas residue as basal fertilizer in grape production.

Key words: basal fertilizer, biogas residue, chemical fertilizer nitrogen, grape, yield, quality

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