宁夏中部干旱带土壤肥力综合评价

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】同心县作为宁夏中部干旱带的核心区域,由于引水灌溉干旱区耕地利用方式、作物结构调整、施肥管理措施的变化土壤肥力随之发生深刻变化,自第二次土壤普查已经历30年,科学评价土壤肥力变化特征,明确该区域当前土壤肥力状况,以实现耕地资源的有效利用的和农业可持续发展。【方法】通过对2008—2012年宁夏中部干旱带同心县测土配方施肥项目的2000份土壤肥力指标数据采用One-anova统计描述、主成分分析法进行分析,并与第二次普查数据对比分析农田土壤肥力的变化特征,明确同心县农田土壤肥力现状。【结果】目前,宁夏中部干旱带同心县农田土壤的pH 平均为8.77,与土壤全盐、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾极显著的负相关(P＜0.01),全盐含量平均为0.30g/kg,土壤全盐与土壤有效磷呈正相关,但无显著差异,与其他指标呈负相关,有机质含量平均为7.08 g/kg,与土壤全氮、速效氮磷钾养分之间有极显著正相关性(P＜0.01),全氮含量平均为0.57g/kg,与土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量有极显著正相关(P＜0.01),碱解氮含量平均为36.07mg/kg,有效磷含量平均为14.77 mg/kg,速效钾含量平均为170.63mg/kg,速效氮磷钾之间均呈显著极显著正相关。同心县农田土壤有碱化趋势,与第二次土壤普查结果相比,土壤有机质下降12.2%,全氮下降降低10.5%,碱解氮含量基本持平,有效磷提高121.4%、速效钾下降4.8%。【结论】干旱气候条件下,宁夏中部干旱带同心县农田土壤肥力指标变化显著。建议该区域在作物栽培过程中选择酸性土壤调理剂降低土壤碱化程度,重视生理酸性肥料的应用,强化有机肥与化肥配施,加大秸秆还田技术的推广力度,以实现区域农田土壤肥力的提升和养分的平衡供应。

关键词: 夏玉米, 夏玉米, 气候条件, 农业区划, 长清

Abstract: Tongxin County is the core area in the arid region of central Ningxia. 30 years since the 2nd national soil investigation, soil fertility has undergone profound changes. To understand the soil fertility characteristics of farmland in Tongxin County, 2000 soil samples were collected from Tongxin County from 2008 to 2012. The soil fertility data of these samples were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis, and compared with the data from the 2nd national soil investigation. The results showed that compared with the data of the 2nd national soil investigation, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 12.2% , 10.5% and 4.8% , respectively, while available phosphorus increased by 121.4% and available nitrogen remained at the same level. The average pH value of farmland soil was 8.77, showing significantly negative correlations with the content of soil total salt, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium (P＜0.01). Soil total salt was 0.30 g/kg, showing a positive correlation with available phosphorus without significant difference. However, soil total salt was negatively correlated with other soil indexes. The soil organic matter content was 7.08 g/kg, showing significantly positive correlations with total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (P＜0.01). Soil total nitrogen content was 0.57 g/kg, showing significantly positive correlations with available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (P＜0.01). The contents of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 36.07, 14.77 and 170.63 mg/kg, respectively, showing significantly positive correlations with each other. It is suggested to use effective methods to increase soil fertility and to balance nutrition supply, such as choosing acid soil conditioner in cultivation to alleviate soil alkalization, emphasizing the application of physiological acid fertilizer.

中图分类号:

S158.2

郭鑫年,—以同心县为例郭鑫年,周涛,陈刚,纪立东,尹志荣,梁锦秀,孙娇,金鑫,马洪涛. 宁夏中部干旱带土壤肥力综合评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(15): 66-73.

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