氮磷钾肥施用对全球小麦籽粒锌浓度的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120074

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提高小麦籽粒锌浓度是补充人体锌营养、降低锌缺乏的重要措施。定量化研究全球小麦籽粒锌浓度随时间变化，并评价施肥对籽粒锌浓度的影响，对指导当前农业生产的可持续发展具有重要意义。利用Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库查阅了1980到2018年间与全球小麦籽粒锌营养相关的田间试验文献84篇，通过分析不同年代的籽粒锌浓度、氮磷钾肥施用量以及二者之间的关系，探讨氮磷钾肥施用对全球小麦籽粒锌浓度的影响。结果表明：从20世纪90年代(1981—1990)至今，全球小麦籽粒锌浓度从90年代的39.6 mg/kg下降至目前的29.1 mg/kg，下降幅度为26.5%。在小麦生产中，氮肥从1990s的84.1 kg/hm2增长至当前的166 kg/hm2，磷肥从2000s至今增加了127%，钾肥从2000s至今增加了19.8%。氮肥施用显著提高了小麦籽粒锌浓度，磷肥降低了籽粒锌浓度，而钾肥施用并没有影响籽粒锌浓度。因此，集约化农田中磷肥的大量施用可能对小麦籽粒锌浓度的降低影响最大，适当的磷肥施用量可以保证小麦籽粒高产、高籽粒锌营养。

关键词: 氮磷, 氮磷, 菘蓝, 板蓝根, 产量

Abstract: Improving grain Zn concentration of wheat could supply more Zn and reduce Zn deficiency in human body. To quantify the changes of global grain Zn concentration with time and analyze the relationship between grain Zn concentration and fertilization supply are significant to the sustainable development of agricultural production. The data were collected from Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database, which included 84 literatures related to grain Zn concentration from 1980 to 2018. The authors analyzed Zn concentration in grain, NPK application amount, and the relationship between the two to study the effect of NPK application on grain Zn concentration. The results showed that the global grain Zn concentration of wheat significantly decreased from 39.6 mg/kg in 1990s to 28.8 mg/kg at present with a decreasing rate of 26.5%. In wheat production, N fertilizer application increased from 84.1 kg/hm2 in 1990s to 166 kg/hm2, while P application increased by 127%, and K fertilizer increased by 19.8% from 2000s to now. N application increased grain Zn concentration of wheat, while P application significantly decreased grain Zn concentration and K fertilizer had no effect on grain Zn concentration. Therefore, large amount of P fertilizer application may reduce grain Zn concentration in intensive wheat production, and appropriate amount of P could guarantee the high yield and high Zn of wheat.

中图分类号:

S512.1

王义霞,张伟. 氮磷钾肥施用对全球小麦籽粒锌浓度的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(12): 13-17.

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