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中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (29): 41-46.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400009

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

关键生育期持续水分胁迫对春玉米土壤水分动态变化和产量的影响

齐 月1, 蒋菊芳2, 胡蝶1, 王润元1, 王鹤龄1   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室;2.甘肃省武威市气象局农业气象试验站
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-18 修回日期:2019-09-10 接受日期:2019-06-17 出版日期:2019-10-14 发布日期:2019-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 王鹤龄
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省省青年科技基金计划项目“干旱半干旱区几种干旱指数的适应性及改进研究”(17JR5RA344);国家自然科学基金资助项目“灌浆期 高温与水分胁迫交互作用对半干旱区春玉米生长和产量的影响”(41505098)、“半干旱区作物干旱致灾过程特征及其若干阈值研究”(41275118)、“半 干旱区春小麦农田干旱解除的降雨过程调控机制”(41775107);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(重大专项)“我国北方关键区域干旱致灾过程特征和机 理研究”(GYHY201506001-2);甘肃省气象局气象科研项目“半干旱区春玉米干旱致灾过程研究”(GSMAMs2018-13)。

Continuous Water Stress at Key Growth Stages of Spring Maize: Effects on Soil Moisture Dynamics and Yield

  • Received:2019-04-18 Revised:2019-09-10 Accepted:2019-06-17 Online:2019-10-14 Published:2019-10-14

摘要: 为探讨关键生育期水分胁迫对春玉米土壤水分动态变化和产量的影响,在典型干旱区武威开展了关键生育期水分胁迫模拟试验,试验设置了CK(整个生育期供水充足的对照处理)、T1(拔节期持续干旱直至生育期结束)、T2(抽雄期持续干旱直至生育期结束)3种处理。结果表明,受水分胁迫影响,T1和T2干旱处理0—20cm和0—40cm土壤温度均高于CK处理,并且T2处理土壤温度高于T1处理;七叶期后,干旱处理剖面土壤含水量各层变化较大,至乳熟期,T1和T2处理土壤贮水量较CK分别减少了72%和57%;关键生育期的水分胁迫主要通过影响春玉米营养生长和生殖生长来影响最终的产量,T1和T2干旱处理产量分别减少了66.4%和54.2%,产量水平WUE分别减少了23.4%和13.1%。研究结果可为春玉米关键生育期干旱发生进行定量评估提供依据,为生态系统响应阈值的确定提供了思路。

关键词: 豇豆, 豇豆, 性状, 相关性分析, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract: To investigate the effects of water stress at key growth stages on soil moisture dynamics and yield of spring maize, water stress simulation experiment in critical growth period was carried out in Wuwei, a typical arid area. The experiment set up CK (control treatment with sufficient water supply during the whole growth period), T1 (continuous drought during the jointing period until the end of the growth period), and T2 (continuous drought during the tasseling period until the end of the growth period). The results showed that under the influence of water stress, the soil temperature of 0-20 cm and 0-40 cm in T1 and T2 drought treatment was higher than that of CK treatment, and the soil temperature of T2 treatment was higher than that of T1 treatment. After the seven-leaf stage, the soil moisture content of the drought treatment section varied greatly. By the milky stage, the water storage capacity of T1 and T2 treatments decreased by 72% and 57%, respectively. The water stress during the key growth period mainly affected the final yield by affecting the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of spring maize. The T1 and T2 drought treatment yields decreased by 66.4% and 54.2%, respectively, and the yield level WUE decreased by 23.4% and 13.1%, respectively. The research results can provide a basis for the quantitative assessment of the drought in the key growth period of spring maize, and provide ideas for the determination of the ecosystem response threshold.

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