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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (33): 87-94.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100867

所属专题： 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

湿地气候对周边区域粮食生产的影响—黑龙江省七星河湿地国家自然保护区为例

石红艳1(), 姚俊英2   

  1. 1黑龙江省双鸭山市气象局,黑龙江双鸭山 155100
    2黑龙江省气象服务中心,哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-21 修回日期:2019-12-18 出版日期:2020-11-25 发布日期:2020-11-18
  • 作者简介:石红艳,女,1969年出生,黑龙江绥棱人,高级工程师,学士,主要从事气候、农业气象方面的研究。通信地址：155100 黑龙江省双鸭山市尖山区净水路64号 气象局,Tel：15704698116,E-mail： shyan88@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展专项“强厄尔尼诺现象对黑龙江省极端天气气候影响及其中长期预报方法研究与应用”(ZY18C12);黑龙江省科技攻关项目“七星河湿地生态系统变化、原因及环境保护措施的研究”(GC09C106)

The Impact of Wetland Climate on Grain Production in Its Surrounding Areas -An Example of the Qixinghe Wetland National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang

Shi Hongyan1(), Yao Junying2   

  1. 1Bureau of Meteorology of Shuangyashan City, Heilongjiang Province,Shuangyashan Heilongjiang 155100
    2Heilongjiang Provincial Meteorological Service Center, Harbin 150030
  • Received:2019-11-21 Revised:2019-12-18 Online:2020-11-25 Published:2020-11-18

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摘要：

为了研究湿地气候对粮食生产的影响,达到增产目的。以七星河湿地国家自然保护区为例,利用1961—2008年湿地年平均气温、降水和周边3乡1场粮食总产、单产资料。采用趋势分析,粮产分解,相关系数计算等方法分析粮产趋势变化和湿地气候对周边场、乡粮食生产影响。结果表明：五九七农场在粮食总产、单产和增速方面排在第一位,第二位是青原镇,第三位是尖山子乡,最后一位是七星河乡。说明距离湿地远近对粮产有一定影响,四地粮产特别是五九七粮食增减变化对湿地降水变化有着较好的响应,旱年、降水偏少年粮食增产,反之,大涝、降水偏多的年份减产。同时气温变化对当年粮食产量影响较大,对粮产的趋势Yw增加或减少影响弱一些,而降水变化对Yw产量增加或减少的影响是主要的。由此可见,湿地气候冷湿性对周边粮食生产影响是不利的。尤其是通过近10年气候及粮产实际监测表明,实验结果与上述结论是一致的。应采取治涝措施,加强农田基本建设,发展生态农业,做到旱涝保收。

关键词: 七星河湿地国家自然保护区, 湿地冷湿性气候, 周边区域, 粮食产量影响, 治涝措施

Abstract:

The paper aims to study the impact of wetland climate on grain production and achieve the purpose of increasing production. Taking the Qixinghe Wetland National Nature Reserve as an example, and annual mean temperature, precipitation of wetland from 1961 to 2008, and total yield and yield per unit of its surrounding three villages and one farm as the data, we adopted trend analysis, grain production decomposition, and correlation coefficient calculation to analyze the change trend of grain production and the impact of wetland climate on grain production of its surrounding villages and farm. The results showed that the Wujiuqi farm was ranked the first in terms of total yield, yield per unit and increasing rate. Qingyuan was ranked the second, Jianshanzi was the third and Qixinghe was the last. It illustrated that the distance from the wetland had a certain impact on the grain production, the grain production of those four areas, especially the variance of grain production of Wujiuqi farm, had a rapid response to the change of wetland precipitation, grain production increased in the dry year with less precipitation, on the contrast, decreased in the wet year with more precipitation. Simultaneously, the temperature change also had a greater impact on the grain production of the current year, but less impact on the trend of grain production Yw increase or decrease, while the change of the precipitation had the domain impact on the Yw production changes. Therefore, it concluded that the wet and cold climate of the wetland was unfavorable to its surrounding grain production. The results of the experiment were consistent with the above conclusions, especially through the actual monitoring of climate and grain production in the recent 10 years. Taken together, measures need to be taken to control the flood, strengthen the farmland infrastructure construction, and develop ecological agriculture to ensure grain production under both drought and flood.

Key words: Qixinghe wetland national nature reserve, wetland wet and cold climate, surrounding areas, impact on grain production, water log control measurements

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