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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 26-30.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0133

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

等肥量下不同分施次数对番茄产量及品质的影响

刘中良1(), 高璐阳2, 高俊杰1(), 陈震1, 闫伟强1, 谷端银1   

  1. 1泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安 271000
    2金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司/养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室,山东临沂 276000
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-27 修回日期:2020-07-22 出版日期:2021-02-15 发布日期:2021-02-25
  • 通讯作者: 高俊杰
  • 作者简介:刘中良,男,1984年出生,山东台儿庄人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向:设施蔬菜栽培生理研究。通讯地址:271000山东省泰安市繁荣大街316号泰安市农业科学研究院,E-mail: sdau0525@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划项目“设施番茄有机生态型基质栽培研究与示范”(2018GNC110037);山东省现代农业产业体系蔬菜创新团队土壤与肥料岗位专家(SDAIT-05-09)

Effect of Different Fertilizer Application Frequency on Yield and Quality of Tomato

Liu Zhongliang1(), Gao Luyang2, Gao Junjie1(), Chen Zhen1, Yan Weiqiang1, Gu Duanyin1   

  1. 1Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an Shandong 271000;
    2Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Linyi Shandong 276000
  • Received:2020-05-27 Revised:2020-07-22 Online:2021-02-15 Published:2021-02-25
  • Contact: Gao Junjie

摘要:

本研究旨在明确基质栽培条件下番茄较佳的施肥次数,为科学施肥提供理论支持。以番茄品种‘喜临门’为试材,在生育期间施肥总量相同的前提下(N 542.30 kg/hm2、P2O5 212.6 kg/hm2、K2O 680.4 kg/hm2),设置5个施肥次数,CK:次/20天,8次、T1:次/4天,36次;T2:次/8天,19次;T3:次/12天,13次;T4:次/16天,10次,研究其对番茄产量、品质及基质养分积累的影响。结果表明:番茄产量随施施肥次数的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,以T2处理最高,达157251.64 kg/hm2,较CK增产18.69%。合理施肥次数可以改善番茄品质和口味,T3处理能够获得最高的Vc含量,而番茄红素含量以T2处理最高,分别为 14.16 mg/100 mg、4.44 mg/100 mg,糖酸比以T2处理最高,T1其次,CK处理最低。此外,合理施肥次数能显著增加基质养分含量,改善pH和降低EC值,其中基质全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较CK分别提高了6.25%~31.25%、1.88%~25.20%、5.51%~21.50%和10.34%~27.58%。pH为6.22~6.89,EC值为466.04~763.46 μs/cm,基质养分以及番茄产量和品质之间均存在显著相关。综上,合理施肥次数能提高番茄产量,改善品质等,尤以T2处理的效果最佳。

关键词: 施肥次数, 番茄, 产量, 品质, 基质养分

Abstract:

The purpose is to determine the suitable frequency of fertilizer application in tomato cultivation, and provide the theoretical support for scientific fertilization. Using tomato cultivar Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Xi Linmen’ as material, five fertilizer application frequency were set up, in which the total fertilizer quota (N 542.30 kg/hm 2, P2O5 212.6 kg/hm2, K2O 680.4 kg/hm2) was the same, and the effect of fertilizer application frequency on tomato yield, quality and substrate nutrient accumulation were studied. The results showed that the tomato yield first increased then decreased with the fertilizer application frequency increase, and the yield of T2 treatment was the highest, up to 157251.64 kg/hm2, 18.69% higher than that of CK. Suitable fertilizer application frequency could improve the taste and quality of fruit, the vitamin C content of T3 treatment and lycopene content of T2 treatment reached the highest of 14.16 mg/100 mg, 4.44 mg/100 mg, respectively, and the sugar-acid ratio was the highest in T2 treatment, followed by that of T1 treatment, while that of CK was the lowest. Meanwhile, the fertilizer application frequency significantly increased substrate nutrient accumulation, improved pH and reduced EC value, among which, the contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the substrate increased by 6.25%~31.25%, 1.88%~25.20%, 5.51%~21.50% and 10.34%~27.58%, respectively. In addition, the pH value was 6.22~6.89, EC value was 466.04~763.46 μs/cm, the correlations among substrate nutrient, tomato yield and quality were significant. In summary, suitable fertilizer application frequency could improve the yield and quality of tomato, and the effect of T2 is the best.

Key words: fertilization times, tomato, yield, quality, substrate nutrient

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