壮瑶药野甘草种子萌发特性研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0161

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究壮瑶药植物野甘草种子萌发特性,为野甘草育种以及规范化种植提供科学依据。以野甘草种子为材料,测定不同温度和光照条件下种子发芽率,及聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)、赤霉素(GA)、硝酸钾浸种对种子萌发的影响。结果表明：（1）野甘草种子在20℃和35℃恒温条件下不萌发,25℃、30℃、15/25℃变温、20/30℃变温和25/35℃变温条件的发芽率分别为78%、43%、73%、94%和75%;（2）野甘草种子在全黑暗条件下不萌发,由黑暗转入光照后,种子正常萌发;（3）浓度为1%~5% PEG-6000、1~100 mg/L GA和1~5 mmol/L KNO₃浸种后,野甘草种子发芽率均显著高于蒸馏水对照处理,分别为86%~90%、93%~95%和87%~88%。野甘草种子为需光性种子,适宜发芽温度为20/30℃变温,PEG-6000(1%~5%)、GA(1~100 mg/L)和KNO₃(0.01~5 mg/L)浸种可促进野甘草种子萌发。

关键词: 野甘草, 种子萌发, 温度, 光照, 调节剂

Abstract:

The paper aims to study the germination characteristics of Scoparia dulcis seeds, and provide a scientific basis for standardized cultivation of S. dulcis. The seeds of S. dulcis were used as materials under different conditions of temperature, light, gibberellins (GA) soaking, polyethylene glycol (PEG) soaking and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) soaking. The results showed that: (1) the seeds of S. dulcis did not germinate under the constant temperature of 20℃ and 35℃; the germination percentages of constant temperature of 25℃ and 30℃, alternating temperature 25℃/day and 15℃/night, 30℃/day and 20℃/night and 35℃/day and 25℃/night were 78 %, 43%, 73%, 94% and 75% respectively; (2) the seeds of S. dulcis did not germinate under full dark condition, and the seeds germinated normally after light exposure; (3) at 25℃, after soaking seeds with 1%-5% PEG-6000, 1-100 mg/L GA and 1-5 mmol/L KNO₃, the germination rates were 86%-90%, 93%-95%, and 87%-88%, respectively, significantly higher than the control treatment of distilled water. The seed of S. dulcis is light-demanding, and the suitable germination temperature is alternating temperature 30℃ at day for 12 h and 20℃ at night for 12 h, soaking seeds in PEG-6000 (1%-5%), GA (1-100 mg/L), and KNO₃(0.01-5 mg/L) solution can promote the germination of S. dulcis seeds.

Key words: Scoparia dulcis, seed germination, temperature, light, regulator

中图分类号:

朱艳霞, 陈东亮, 黄燕芬. 壮瑶药野甘草种子萌发特性研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(10): 72-76.

Zhu Yanxia, Chen Dongliang, Huang Yanfen. Germination Characteristics of Scoparia dulcis Seeds[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(10): 72-76.

图/表 8

温度/℃	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数
15	0±0e	0±0e	0±0e
20	0±0e	0±0e	0±0e
25	78±3b	50±2a	14.76±1c
30	43±5e	34±5c	10.14±0.83d
35	0±0d	0±0e	0±0e
15/25	73±2c	27±2d	13.4±0.65c
20/30	94±2a	36±3b	16.91±1.78b
25/35	75±3bc	55±2a	19.86±1.33a

表1. 不同温度下野甘草种子发芽情况

温度/℃	黑暗	黑暗转光照
温度/℃	发芽率/%	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数
15	0	0±0e	0±0f	0±0e
20	0	0±0e	0±0f	0±0e
25	0	84±1b	24±4e	5.12±0.31c
30	0	70±2d	28±9d	3.86±0.19d
35	0	0±0e	0±0f	0±0e
15/25	0	91±2a	60±6c	6.48±0.7b
20/30	0	92±1a	64±6a	7.34±0.22a
25/35	0	80±3c	62±4b	5.95±0.41b

表2. 光照对野甘草种子萌发的影响

图1. 25℃下不同浓度PEG-6000浸种的野甘草种子发芽情况不同小写字母分别表示差异达0.05显著水平,下同

图2. 30℃下不同浓度PEG-6000浸种的野甘草种子发芽情况

图3. 25℃下不同浓度GA浸种的野甘草种子发芽情况

图4. 30℃下不同浓度GA浸种的野甘草种子发芽情况

图5. 25℃下不同浓度KNO3浸种的野甘草种子发芽情况

图6. 30℃下不同浓度KNO3浸种的野甘草种子发芽情况

参考文献 26

[1]	江苏新医学院. 中药大辞典[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1986:247,1122,1653,2132.
[2]	覃迅云, 罗金裕, 高志刚. 中国瑶药学[M]. 北京: 民族出版社, 2002:331-333.
[3]	梁启成, 钟鸣. 中国壮药学[M]. 南宁: 广西民族出版社, 2005:45-46.
[4]	钟补求, 杨汉碧. 中国植物志(第67卷第2分册)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1979:85-86.
[5]	Meera P, Kavitha V, Krishnaja K R. Scopariadulcis: A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile[J]. Innoriginal International Journal of Sciences, 2017,4(4):17-21.
[6]	Moniruzzaman M, Atikur R M, Ferdous A. Evaluation of sedative and hypnotic activity of ethanolic extract of Scoparia dulcis Linn[J]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015(3):1-6.
[7]	Pamunuwa G, Karunaratne D N, Waisundara V Y. Antidiabetic properties, bioactive constituents, and other therapeutic effects of Scoparia dulcis[J]. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016(7):1-11.
[8]	Adebiyi A, Bassey E E, Ayo R, et al. Anti-mycobacterial, antimicrobial and phytochemical evaluation of Pulicaria crispa and Scoparia dulcis plant extracts[J]. Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016,7(4):1-11.
[9]	Jain R, Singh M. Factors Affecting Goatweed (Scoparia dulcis) Seed Germination[J]. Weed Science, 1989,37(6):766-770.
[10]	陈文, 王旭, 彭玉姣, 等. 贮藏方式对4种药食两用植物种子萌发的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018,34(1):85-89.
[11]	肖雪峰, 刘丽, 郭巧生, 等. 通关藤种子萌发条件的研究[J]. 中草药, 2015,46(5):746-750.
[12]	张晓艳, 杨忠仁, 郝丽珍, 等. 温度及盐胁迫对地梢瓜种子萌发及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2017,37(6):1166-1174.
[13]	朱李奎, 陆维超, 马开骠, 等. 温度、盐分、pH值和光照强度对毛白杨种子萌发的影响[J]. 种子, 2017,36(4):87-90.
[14]	宋美芳, 唐德英, 李宜航, 等. 草果种子萌发特性研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019,35(5):70-74.
[15]	Murti K, Panchal M, Taya P, et al. Pharmacological Properties of Scoparia dulcis: a review[J]. Pharmacologia, 2012,3(8):344-347.
[16]	Gulzar S, Khan M A. Seed germination of a Hahalophytic Grass Aeluropus lagopoides[J]. Annals of Botany, 2001,87(3):319-324.
[17]	王素娟, 林夏珍, 李珍, 等. 温度和光照对青冈栎和浙江樟种子萌发的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2012,40(10):6001-6003.
[18]	王雪. 丛毛垂叶榕种子光敏性的初步研究[D]. 西双版纳:中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 2006.
[19]	Borthwick H A, Hendricks S B, Parker M W, et al. A reversible photoreaction controlling seed germination[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences of the United States of America, 1952,38(8):662-666. doi: 10.1073/pnas.38.8.662 URL pmid: 16589159
[20]	徐海峰, 张宗豪, 刘欣, 等. 低温胁迫下PEG引发对珠芽蓼种子萌发的影响[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2018,48(6):9-14.
[21]	孙刚, 曹敏建, 张弘, 等. 赤霉素、PEG对玉米种子活力的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2013,21(6):73-75.
[22]	Kucera B, Cohn M A, Leubner-Metzger G. Plant hormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination[J]. Seed Sci ence Research, 2005,15(4):281-307.
[23]	任永权, 郭飞, 程均卓, 等. 赤霉素和种皮处理对4种马先蒿种子发芽特性的影响[J]. 种子, 2012(1):38-41.
[24]	杨丽聪. 7种玄参科植物种子萌发期的抗逆性评价研究[D]. 阿拉尔:塔里木大学, 2015.
[25]	周柱峰, 龚佳梦, 王艳红, 等. KNO₃处理对毛乌素沙地4物种种子萌发特性的影响[J]. 种子, 2014,33(9):19-22.
[26]	祁瑞林, 张红瑞, 彭涛, 等. 不同引发剂对贮藏夏枯草种子引发效果的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2018,59(2):283-286.