不同类型土壤种植辣椒前后微生物多样性比较

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0259

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在通过研究种植辣椒后的不同类型土壤根际微生物的群落结构变化特征,探索适合辣椒种植的微生物群落结构与土壤类型。以辣椒自交系SJ11-3为材料,利用Illumina MiSeq 2500测序平台对其种植前后不同类型土壤（包括潮土、稻田土和黄棕土）根际微生物进行测序和生物信息学分析,研究土壤细菌16S rRNA基因V3+V4区域和真菌ITS1区域的丰富度、多样性及微生物群落结构。结果表明,种植前土壤中共获得2253个细菌分类操作单元(OTU)和775个真菌OTU,种植后土壤中共获得2353个细菌OTU和877个真菌OTU。辣椒种植会使不同类型土壤中细菌和真菌的OTU数量有所上升,且潮土中特有的OTU在种植辣椒前后均明显高于稻田土和黄棕土。同时研究发现,辣椒种植后Rhodanobacter、Gemmatimonas、Bradyrhizobium、Sphingomonas等细菌和Fusarium、Penicillium等真菌在不同类型土壤中相对丰度均显著升高。另外群落物种丰富度指数（ACE和Chao1指数）和群落多样性指数（Shannon和Simpson指数）分析发现,种植辣椒会使潮土、稻田土和黄棕土中真菌Shannon指数显著升高,而Simpson指数显著降低,物种多样性显著上升;细菌多样性则无显著变化。种植辣椒对潮土、稻田土和黄棕土中微生物多样性的变化均会产生重要影响,改变土壤微生物的丰富度及OTU类型。潮土在种植辣椒后微生物群落结构较为健康,未发现有大量病原菌富集,但稻田土和黄棕土则更容易造成病原菌的富集,因此推荐潮土为辣椒种植的适宜土壤。

关键词: 辣椒栽培, 土壤微生物群落结构, 细菌群落结构, 真菌群落结构, 物种丰富度, 群落多样性

Abstract:

To explore the microbial community structure and soil type suitable for pepper cultivation through the changes of the community structure of different soil rhizosphere microbes after pepper planting, we used the pepper (Capsicum annuum) SJ11-3, an inbreed line, as the material, and conducted the high throughput RNA-seq sequencing via Illumina MiSeq 2500 sequencing platform on the rhizosphere microorganisms from three different types of soil (fluvo-aquic soil, paddy soil and yellow-brown soil) after cultivating pepper with uncultivated soil as control. Using bioinformatics analyses, we evaluated the abundance indexes and the diversity indexes from the V3+V4 region of 16S rRNA gene of soil bacteria and the ITS1 region of soil fungi as well as the soil microbial community structure. The results showed that a total of 2253 bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and a total of 775 fungal OTUs were obtained in control while a total of 2353 bacterial OTUs and a total of 877 fungal OTUs were obtained after planting pepper. Planting pepper caused the increase of bacterial OTUs and fungal OTUs in the three different types of soil and the number of OTUs unique to fluvo-aquic soil was significantly higher than those unique to paddy soil and yellow-brown soil before and after cultivating pepper. In addition, we also found that the relative abundances of bacterial genus, including Rhodanobacter, Gemmatimonas, Bradyrhizobium and Sphingomonas etc., and the fungal genus, including Fusarium and Penicillium etc., were significantly increased in three types of cultivated pepper soil. Meanwhile, the analyses of the microbial community species abundance indexes (ACE and Chao1 indexes) and the microbial community species diversity indexes (Shannon and Simpson index) indicated that planting pepper caused the significant increase of the fungal Shannon index but significant decrease of Simpson index in fluvo-aquic soil, paddy soil and yellow-brown soil. However, the bacterial community diversity indexes did not change significantly. The results indicated that cultivating pepper could cause significant influence on the changes of the microbial community diversity, the relative abundances and type of OUT in soil, and enhance the growth and reproduction of bacterial genus and fungal genus in soil. Among the three types of soil, after planting pepper, the microbial community structure in fluvo-aquic soil was healthier and no large enrichment of pathogenic bacteria was observed. However, in paddy soil and yellow-brown soil, the enrichment of pathogenic bacteria easily occurred. Thus, we recommend fluvo-aquic soil as the suitable type for cultivating pepper.

Key words: pepper cultivation, soil microbial community structure, bacterial community structure, fungal community structure, species diversity, community diversity

中图分类号:

S641.3

陈娟, 刘周斌, 欧立军. 不同类型土壤种植辣椒前后微生物多样性比较[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(10): 84-93.

Chen Juan, Liu Zhoubin, Ou Lijun. Microbial Diversity Change in Different Soil Types After Cultivating Pepper[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(10): 84-93.

图/表 8

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供试土壤	pH	容重/(g/m³)	有机质/(g/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)
潮土	4.82	1.45	52.39	45.31	160.44	107.38
稻田土	4.20	1.44	52.04	66.74	60.49	128.53
黄棕土	4.95	1.30	45.49	13.23	11.36	90.77

供试土壤	pH	容重/(g/m³)	有机质/(g/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)
潮土	4.82	1.45	52.39	45.31	160.44	107.38
稻田土	4.20	1.44	52.04	66.74	60.49	128.53
黄棕土	4.95	1.30	45.49	13.23	11.36	90.77

处理		潮土	稻田土	黄棕土
细菌（V3+V4区） OTU个数	种植前	1989	2066	2043
细菌（V3+V4区） OTU个数	种植后	2113	2174	2112
真菌（ITS1区） OTU个数	种植前	488	468	458
真菌（ITS1区） OTU个数	种植后	568	628	516

处理		潮土	稻田土	黄棕土
细菌（V3+V4区） OTU个数	种植前	1989	2066	2043
细菌（V3+V4区） OTU个数	种植后	2113	2174	2112
真菌（ITS1区） OTU个数	种植前	488	468	458
真菌（ITS1区） OTU个数	种植后	568	628	516

多样性指数		潮土		稻田土		黄棕土
多样性指数		种植前	种植后	种植前	种植后	种植前	种植后
细菌 V3+V4区	ACE	2049.15	2195.09	2170.65	2258.05	2132.32	2211.48
	Chao1	2052.46	2244.26	2177.03	2292.44	2157.49	2261.08
	Simpson	0.0081	0.0099	0.0075	0.0061	0.0038	0.0048
	Shannon	6.02	6.13	6.04	6.32	6.39	6.41
真菌 ITS1区	ACE	506.75	572.91	490.11	645.70	476.35	536.77
	Chao1	524.11	581	504.25	647.12	479.11	532.25
	Simpson	0.0536	0.0348	0.0314	0.0241	0.0565	0.0255
	Shannon	3.84	4.38	2.83	4.68	4.19	4.58