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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (19): 112-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0571

所属专题: 资源与环境

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

菌渣还田对设施瓜菜产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

赵自超1,2(), 赵时锋3, 张宏启3, 张海兰1,2, 郭兵1,2, 姚利1,2()   

  1. 1山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,济南 250100
    2农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室,济南 250100
    3山东省莘县农业农村局,山东莘县 252423
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-19 修回日期:2020-12-02 出版日期:2021-07-05 发布日期:2021-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 姚利
  • 作者简介:赵自超,男,1987年出生,山东莘县人,助理研究员,博士,研究方向:农业废弃物资源化利用。通信地址:250100 山东省济南市工业北路202号 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,Tel:0531-66657889,E-mail: 2008zzc@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目“农业废弃物高值化利用的智慧农业关键技术研究与示范”(SD2019ZZ020);山东省现代农业体系创新团队项目“食用菌产业技术体系产后加工与菌渣利用”(SDAIT-07-09);山东省大科学计划(优势特色主导产业发展专项)“黄河三角洲盐碱地智慧用养技术集成与示范”(2018-001);山东省农科院(邹城)食药用菌产业技术研究院产学研合作项目“菌渣基质化利用技术及产品研发”

Effect of Mushroom Residue on Cucumber and Melon Yield and Quality and Soil Fertility in Greenhouse

Zhao Zichao1,2(), Zhao Shifeng3, Zhang Hongqi3, Zhang Hailan1,2, Guo Bing1,2, Yao Li1,2()   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
    2Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100
    3Authority of Agricultural and Rural of Shenxian of Shandong Province, Shenxian Shandong 252423
  • Received:2020-10-19 Revised:2020-12-02 Online:2021-07-05 Published:2021-07-29
  • Contact: Yao Li

摘要:

以设施黄瓜和甜瓜为对象,草菇菌渣为试验材料,在山东莘县进行田间试验,以常规鸡粪还田为对照(CON),设置6个菌渣[0 (MR0)、15 (MR1)、30 (MR2)、45 (MR3)、60 (MR4)、75 (MR5) t/hm2]还田量处理,研究菌渣还田对设施瓜菜产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,菌渣还田处理相比对照处理可以增加设施黄瓜和甜瓜产量幅度分别为28.1%~45.3%和0.5%~10.4%,黄瓜产量与甜瓜产量都是呈现出随着菌渣施用量的增加先增加后降低的趋势,MR4的增产效果最好;菌渣还田处理相比对照处理显著提高了黄瓜和甜瓜品质,其中MR3和MR4的效果较好;菌渣还田处理相比对照处理显著降低了土壤pH和EC值,降幅分别为2.1%~2.4%和29.8%~48.1%,土壤有机质增至11.2%~33.1%,提高土壤氮磷钾含量及活化系数。综上,菌渣还田可以提高设施黄瓜和甜瓜产量、改善设施黄瓜和甜瓜品质,降低土壤pH和EC值,提升土壤肥力和提高土壤质量,因此菌渣还田是提高设施瓜菜产量、品质及土壤肥力的有效措施,其中菌渣还田量为60 t/hm2的效果最好。

关键词: 菌渣, 黄瓜, 甜瓜, 产量, 品质, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

A field experiment with 7 treatments was conducted, including one application of chicken manure (CON) and six application rates of mushroom residue [0 (MR0), 15 (MR1), 30 (MR2), 45 (MR3), 60 (MR4) and 75 (MR5) t/hm2], to examine the effects mushroom residue on cucumber and melon yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse at Shenxian County of Shandong Province. The results showed that application of mushroom residue treatments increased cucumber and melon yield by 28.1%-45.3% and 0.5%-10.4%, respectively, compared with CON, and the effect of MR4 was the best. The yield of cucumber and melon showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of the application rate of mushroom residue. Compared with CON, application of mushroom residue treatments increased cucumber and melon quality, and the effects of MR3 and MR4 were the best. The application of mushroom residue decreased soil pH by 2.1%-2.4% and soil EC value by 29.8%-48.1%, increased organic matter by 11.2%-33.1%, it also increased the soil N, P, K content and activation coefficient. In conclusion, the appropriate application of mushroom residue is the optimum choice to improve cucumber and melon yield and quality, elevate soil fertility and soil quality, and reduce soil pH and EC value, and the effect of MR4 (60 t/hm2) is the best.

Key words: mushroom residue, cucumber, melon, yield, quality, soil fertility

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