禁食处理对尼罗罗非鱼体重及肌肉营养成分的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

获得罗非鱼最佳的饥饿胁迫时间，兼顾鱼的品质与经济效益，旨在为罗非鱼品质调控提供参考。以达到上市规格(837.78±86.78) g的尼罗罗非鱼为研究对象，分析罗非鱼在禁食后的不同时期内其体重以及肌肉营养成分的变化。结果表明，随着饥饿时间的增加，尼罗罗非鱼的体重持续减少。试验结束时体重减少14.35%，肥满度为3.16~3.52，肝体比呈先升后降趋势，胃体比及肠体比随时间推移逐渐降低，肌肉蛋白质、脂肪含量降低，而灰分、水分等增加；肌肉中EAA/NEAA比例高于60%，脂肪酸及微量元素呈动态变化。根据鱼体减重和损耗，结合肌肉中营养成分及微量元素等的变化，综合成本、口感等，罗非鱼禁食14~21 d较为适宜。

关键词: 尼罗罗非鱼, 禁食处理, 体重

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimal time of starvation stress for tilapia, and to provide reference for quality control of tilapia by considering both fish quality and economic benefits. The changes of body weight and muscle nutrition composition of Nile tilapia (837.78±86.78) g in different periods after fasting were analyzed. The results showed that the body weight of Nile tilapia decreased continuously with the increase of starvation time. At the end of the experiment (28 day post-starvation), the condition factor was 3.16 to 3.52, the body weight decreased by 14.35%, the liver-somatic index increased first and then decreased, the stomach-body ratio and viserosomatic index decreased gradually with time, the content of crude protein and fat in muscle decreased while the ash and moisture increased. In addition, the EAA/NEAA ratio in muscle was higher than 60%, and the content of fatty acids and trace elements showed dynamic changes. In conclusion, it is suitable for tilapia to fast for 14 to 21d according to the changes of body weight, mortality, and nutritional component and trace elements in muscle, as well as the taste and economic benefits.

Key words: Oreochromis niloticus, starvation, body weight

李庆勇, 黄秋标, 叶林, 刘艺, 巫树东, 朱德兴, 林海强. 禁食处理对尼罗罗非鱼体重及肌肉营养成分的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(23): 109-115.

LI Qingyong, HUANG Qiubiao, YE Lin, LIU Yi, WU Shudong, ZHU Dexing, LIN Haiqiang. Effects of Starvation Stress on the Body Weight and Muscle Nutrition Composition of Nile Tilapia[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(23): 109-115.

图/表 11

参考文献 36

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指标/%	禁食时间/d
指标/%	1	4	7	14	21	28
肥满度	3.52	3.51	3.36	3.26	3.21	3.16
肝体比	0.92	0.96	1.14	1.07	1.06	0.89
胃体比	1.57	0.34	0.33	0.32	0.23	0.17
肠体比	5.18	3.10	2.83	2.51	2.21	1.71

指标/%	禁食时间/d
指标/%	1	4	7	14	21	28
肥满度	3.52	3.51	3.36	3.26	3.21	3.16
肝体比	0.92	0.96	1.14	1.07	1.06	0.89
胃体比	1.57	0.34	0.33	0.32	0.23	0.17
肠体比	5.18	3.10	2.83	2.51	2.21	1.71

指标	禁食时间/d
指标	1	4	7	14	21	28
蛋白质	20.86±1.10	20.06±0.75	19.86±0.97	19.6±0.90	19.36±1.40	19.03±0.89
粗脂肪	1.36±1.37	1.23±0.27	1.20±0.35	1.16±0.37	1.05±0.62	0.57±0.27
灰分	1.10±0	1.16±0.04	1.20±0.08	1.20±0	1.23±0.09	1.26±0.16
水分	76.96±1.31	77.80±0.49	77.80±2.21	78.40±1.07	78.63±2.68	79.00±1.02

指标	禁食时间/d
指标	1	4	7	14	21	28
蛋白质	20.86±1.10	20.06±0.75	19.86±0.97	19.6±0.90	19.36±1.40	19.03±0.89
粗脂肪	1.36±1.37	1.23±0.27	1.20±0.35	1.16±0.37	1.05±0.62	0.57±0.27
灰分	1.10±0	1.16±0.04	1.20±0.08	1.20±0	1.23±0.09	1.26±0.16
水分	76.96±1.31	77.80±0.49	77.80±2.21	78.40±1.07	78.63±2.68	79.00±1.02

指标		禁食时间/d
指标		1		4		7		14		21	28
天冬氨酸 ASP		1.82±0.08		1.87±0.07		1.8±0.05		1.75±0.11		1.78±0.10	1.73±0.07
苏氨酸 THR		0.83±0.03		0.86±0.02		0.83±0.01		0.81±0.04		0.81±0.04	0.79±0.03
丝氨酸 SER		0.72±0.03		0.76±0.02		0.73±0.01		0.71±0.11		0.71±0.04	0.69±0.02
谷氨酸 GLU		2.83±0.11		2.93±0.07		2.79±0.03		2.75±0.10		2.78±0.13	2.73±0.10
甘氨酸 GLY		0.98±0.07		1.09±0.09		0.94±0.04		1.03±0.10		0.96±0.04	0.90±0.01
丙氨酸 ALA		1.13±0.03		1.19±0.04		1.11±0.03		1.11±0.05		1.11±0.06	1.07±0.03
缬氨酸 VAL		0.84±0.03		0.86±0.02		0.83±0.02		0.82±0.04		0.83±0.06	0.8±0.04
蛋氨酸 MET		0.57±0.03		0.58±0.01		0.56±0.01		0.55±0.02		0.54±0.02	0.53±0.02
异亮氨酸 ILE		0.80±0.03		0.80±0.03		0.78±0.02		0.77±0.04		0.78±0.05	0.76±0.04
亮氨酸 IEU		1.42±0.06		1.46±0.04		1.40±0.02		1.37±0.07		1.39±0.07	1.36±0.06
络氨酸 TYR		0.61±0.02		0.63±0.02		0.61±0.01		0.59±0.03		0.60±0.03	0.58±0.03
苯丙氨酸 PHE		0.73±0.04		0.74±0.03		0.72±0.03		0.69±0.05		0.71±0.04	0.68±0.03
组氨酸 HIS		0.41±0.01		0.42±0.02		0.41±0.02		0.38±0.03		0.39±0.03	0.37±0.02
赖氨酸 LYS		1.70±0.07		1.74±0.06		1.69±0.02		1.63±0.09		1.66±0.10	1.62±0.01
精氨酸 ARG		1.10±0.03		1.16±0.03		1.10±0.01		1.09±0.03		1.08±0.06	1.07±0.03
脯氨酸 PRO		0.69±0.01		0.77±0.04		0.66±0.04		0.73±0.03		0.70±0.03	0.69±0.01
EAA总量	6.73±0.28		6.88±0.22		6.66±0.13		6.47±0.36		6.57±0.39		6.38±0.28
NEAA总量	10.45±0.26		10.98±0.36		10.30±0.19		10.31±0.42		10.26±0.50		9.99±0.31
以上水解氨基酸总和	17.18±0.54		17.86±0.57		16.96±0.32		16.78±0.77		16.83±0.90		16.37±0.59