玉米淀粉调控的研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0133

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确淀粉合成途径中的关键酶的功能和调控机制,本文综述了玉米淀粉的结构、淀粉合成途径以及调控淀粉合成转录因子（DOF、NAC、MYB、bZIP、MADS-BOX和AP2/EREB等家族）的表达和功能机制。研究表明大部分转录因子能在玉米胚乳中表达,少数也能在叶片中表达;这些转录因子可以通过与淀粉合成酶编码基因和关键调控基因的启动子结合从而影响其表达来调控淀粉的合成。此外,蔗糖/ABA、蔗糖/IAA也可以和转录因子协同调控淀粉的合成。本文能够加深对玉米淀粉合成调控的理解,也为玉米品质改良提供重要的理论依据。

关键词: 玉米, 淀粉, 生物合成, 表达, 功能

Abstract:

To well understand the function of key enzymes and regulatory mechanism in starch synthesis, we reviewed the starch structure, starch synthesis process, expression profiles and functional mechanism of transcription factors for starch synthesis, including DOF family, NAC family, MYB family, bZIP family, MADS-BOX and AP2/EREB family. Researches show that most of the transcription factors are expressed in maize endosperm, and a few are expressed in maize leaves. Furthermore, these transcription factors could regulate starch synthesis by binding to the promoters of starch syntheses encoding genes and key regulatory genes to affect their expression. In addition, sucrose/ABA and sucrose/IAA with transcription factors also coordinately regulate the starch synthesis. Collectively, this research will not only enrich the knowledge of the regulating mechanism in maize starch synthesis, but also supply reference for breeding new maize varieties.

Key words: maize, starch, biosynthesis, expression, function

中图分类号:

S330

杜明, 方玉, 李潜龙, 康云海, 王慧, 张从合. 玉米淀粉调控的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(33): 8-14.

Du Ming, Fang Yu, Li Qianlong, Kang Yunhai, Wang Hui, Zhang Conghe. Regulation of Maize Starch: Research Progress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(33): 8-14.

图/表 3

图1. 转录因子的组织表达模式热图

图2. 叶片和胚乳中淀粉代谢的调节因子 Rib-1-5-P2：1,5-二磷酸核酮糖;3-PGA：三磷酸甘油酸;TP：磷酸丙糖;F6P：6-磷酸果糖;G-1-P：1-磷酸葡萄糖;ADPG：腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖;UDPG：二磷酸尿苷葡萄糖;Fru：果糖;ADP：二磷酸腺苷

图3. 植物淀粉调节网络 A：转录因子;B：淀粉合成基因;C：蛋白家族基因

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