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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 80-86.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0803

所属专题： 生物技术； 园艺； 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

多伦县花椰菜气候适宜度及灾害防御研究

马瑞丽1(), 赵晓英2()   

  1. 1多伦县气象局,内蒙古多伦 027300
    2锡林浩特国家气候观象台,内蒙古锡林浩特 026000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-19 修回日期:2021-10-25 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 赵晓英
  • 作者简介:马瑞丽,女,1982年出生,内蒙古多伦人,工程师,本科,研究方向:综合气象观测及气象服务。通信地址:027300 内蒙古多伦县诺尔镇幸福路114号 多伦县气象局,Tel:0479-4524363,E-mail: 1318325524@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    锡林郭勒盟气象局项目“花椰菜种植适宜气象指标及服务方法研究”(xmqxjkyxm201902)

Climatic Suitability of Cauliflowers and Disaster Prevention in Duolun County

MA Ruili1(), ZHAO Xiaoying2()   

  1. 1Duolun Meteorological Bureau, Duolun, Inner Mongolia 027300
    2Xilinhot National Climate Observing Station, Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia 026000
  • Received:2021-08-19 Revised:2021-10-25 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-03-16
  • Contact: ZHAO Xiaoying

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摘要：

为了研究花椰菜的气候适宜度及主要气象灾害防御,本研究利用锡林郭勒盟多伦县大北沟镇十五号村、西干沟乡牛眼睛村、蔡木山乡炮台村建立的3个花椰菜大棚基地2020年4月28日—5月31日观测的棚内逐日、逐时平均气温及附近的3个区域站气象资料和多伦县国家基准气候站观测的同时期温度、湿度、日照等资料,利用线性趋势拟合、相关性检验等数理统计方法,对锡林郭勒盟多伦县花椰菜育苗期大棚内外温度的相关性以及不同天气类型下大棚内外温度日变化规律及定量关系进行了分析。结果表明:花椰菜育苗期大棚内外日平均温度、日最高温度、日最低温度均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.8576、0.6061、0.9154;日照时数与棚内日平均温度呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.5167。不同天气类型下棚内平均气温与天气状况的关系为:晴好>多云>阴雨天气,说明晴天白天天气对棚内平均温度影响最大。建立了花椰菜不同生育期适宜气象指标,分析了花椰菜生长期主要气象灾害及病虫害。为花椰菜种植提供全面系统的气象保障服务,使农民有效地防御气象灾害,为今后全面开展农业多品种气象服务奠定基础。

关键词: 花椰菜, 育苗期, 生育期, 气象指标, 灾害

Abstract:

To study the climatic suitability of cauliflowers and disaster prevention in Duolun County, taking three cauliflower greenhouses as the research objects (No. 15 village of Dabeigou town, Niuyan village of Xigangou town and Paotai village of Caimushan town), we observed the daily and hourly average temperature in the greenhouses from April 28th to May 31st in 2020. Combined with the meteorological data of three nearby regional stations, and the temperature, humidity and sunshine data of the national benchmark climate station of Duolun County, we adopted linear trend fitting, correlation test and other mathematical statistics methods to analyze the correlation of temperature inside and outside the greenhouse during cauliflower seedling raising period, and the daily variation law and quantitative relationship of temperature inside and outside the greenhouse under different weather types. The results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation of the daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature between the inside and the outside of greenhouse during cauliflower seedling raising period, and the correlation coefficient was 0.8576, 0.6061 and 0.9154, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between sunshine hours and daily average temperature inside the greenhouse, and the correlation coefficient was 0.5167. The relationship between the average temperature inside the greenhouse and weather condition under different weather types was: sunny day> cloudy day> rainy day, indicating that the sunny day had the greatest impact on the average temperature inside the greenhouse. The suitable meteorological indexes in different growth periods of cauliflower were established, and the main meteorological disasters, diseases and pests in the growth period of cauliflower were analyzed. The study could provide comprehensive and systematic meteorological support for cauliflower planting, enable farmers to effectively prevent meteorological disasters, and lay a foundation for agricultural multi-variety meteorological service in the future.

Key words: cauliflower, seedling raising period, growth period, meteorological index, disaster

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