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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 66-73.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0427

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

基质成分配比对三角梅生长及光合特性的影响

黄建(), 姚航, 张旭乐, 钱仁卷, 郑坚, 马晓华()   

  1. 浙江省亚热带作物研究所，浙江温州 325005
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-26 修回日期:2024-12-17 出版日期:2025-01-23 发布日期:2025-01-23
  • 通讯作者:
    马晓华，女，河北秦皇岛人，助理研究员，主要从事园林植物生理生化与育种研究。通信地址：325000 浙江省温州市雪山路334号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    黄建，男，浙江温州人，高级工程师，主要从事园林植物栽培研究。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    温州市农业新品种选育协作组项目子课题“三角梅种质资源收集及新品种选育”(2019ZX004-1); 浙江省林业科研成果推广项目“海岛特色花卉产业化生产及示范”(2021B06); 温州市瓯海科创中心项目“三角梅精品容器化育苗与示范”(20220HKC0003)

Effects of Substrates Composition Ratio on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Bougainvillea spectabilis

HUANG Jian(), YAO Hang, ZHANG Xule, QIAN Renjuan, ZHENG Jian, MA Xiaohua()   

  1. Institute of Subtropical Crops of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325005
  • Received:2022-05-26 Revised:2024-12-17 Published:2025-01-23 Online:2025-01-23

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摘要：

为研究不同品种三角梅最适宜的基质成分配比，以当年生健康的‘云南紫’、‘绿叶橙’、‘潮州大红’、‘小叶紫’、‘白雪公主’、‘加州黄’6个三角梅品种为试验材料，测定其在不同基质配比条件下的地径、主干增量、最长枝增量、生物量、叶绿素含量及光合参数。结果表明，不同品种三角梅的地径增量、主干增量、叶绿素含量、叶生物量及光合参数在不同基质处理下的变化趋势显著不同。‘潮州大红’、‘小叶紫’和‘绿叶橙’在园土:泥炭土:珍珠岩(1:1:1)基质处理时表现出较高的主干长增量，‘绿叶橙’叶生物量的最高值出现在园土:泥炭土:谷壳(1:1:1)基质处理时，‘潮州大红’和‘小叶紫’在园土:泥炭土:珍珠岩(1:1:1)基质处理时表现出较高的茎生物量。不同基质处理下，‘云南紫’、‘潮州大红’、‘小叶紫’、‘白雪公主’和‘绿叶橙’的叶绿素a含量在纯泥炭土时出现最高值，叶绿素b的变化趋势与叶绿素a相似。‘潮州大红’和‘云南紫’的净光合速率在园土:泥炭土:谷壳(1:1:1)时出现最高值。因此，不同的三角梅品种间的最适宜生长基质存在极大差异，‘潮州大红’、‘小叶紫’、‘白雪公主’和‘加州黄’适宜园土及园土:泥炭土(1:1)的基质条件，‘绿叶橙’和‘云南紫’则更适应园土:泥炭土:珍珠岩(1:1:1)或者园土:泥炭土:谷壳(1:1:1)配比的基质。

关键词: 三角梅, 基质, 生长, 叶绿素, 光合参数

Abstract:

In order to study the most suitable matrix composition for different cultivars of Bougainvillea spectabilis, the current-year and healthy ‘Yunnan Purple’, ‘Greenery Orange’, ‘Chaozhou Red’, ‘Leaflet Purple’, ‘Snow White’ and ‘California Yellow’ were selected as experimental materials to measure the ground diameter, main stem increment, longest branch increment, biomass, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters. The results showed that the ground diameter increment, main stem increment, chlorophyll content, leaf biomass and photosynthetic parameters of different Bougainvillea varieties had significantly different variation trends under different substrate treatments. ‘Chaozhou Red’, ‘Leaflet Purple’ and ‘Greenery Orange’ under the garden soil: peat soil: perlite (1:1:1) substrate treatment showed a higher trunk length increase; the highest value of the ‘Greenery Orange’ on leaf biomass was under the garden soil: peat soil: chaff (1:1:1). The highest value of leaf biomass of ‘Greenery Orange’ appeared in the matrix treatment of garden soil: peat soil: rice husk (1:1:1). In addition, ‘Chaozhou Red’ and ‘Leaflet Purple’ showed higher stem biomass when treated with garden soil: peat soil: perlite (1:1:1). The chlorophyll a content of ‘Yunnan Purple’, ‘Chaozhou Red’, ‘Leaflet Purple’, ‘Snow White’ and ‘Greenery Orange’ showed the highest value in pure peat soil, and the change trend of chlorophyll b was similar to that of chlorophyll a. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of ‘Chaozhou Red’ and ‘Yunnan Purple’ had the highest value when garden soil: peat soil: rice husk (1:1:1). Therefore, there are great differences in the most suitable substrate composition among different cultivars of Bougainvillea spectabilis, ‘Chaozhou Red’, ‘Leaflet Purple’, ‘Snow White’ and ‘California Yellow’ are suitable for substrate composition of pure garden soil or garden soil: peat (1:1); ‘Yunnan Purple’ and ‘Greenery Orange’ are suitable for garden soil: peat soil: perlite (1:1:1) or garden soil: peat soil: chaff (1:1:1) matrix.

Key words: Bougainvillea spectabilis, substrate, growth, chlorophyll, photosynthetic parameters