高地芽孢杆菌对稻瘟病的防治及促生作用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0155

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确高地芽孢杆菌的防病促生效果，为其开发应用提供实践基础。选用实验室前期通过酶活、平板拮抗等初步筛选到的潜在防治稻瘟病效果较佳的2株高地芽孢杆菌JYW21和JYW26，通过离体叶片法、温室盆栽及田间试验等验证其对稻瘟病的生防效果，并通过种子萌发、温室盆栽及田间试验测定其对水稻秧苗、植株的促进作用。结果表明，2株高地芽孢杆菌离体和温室条件下对叶瘟防效分别达96%和79%以上，田间条件下叶瘟防效可达55%以上，穗瘟则达70%以上。在防治稻瘟病同时，2株高地芽孢杆菌对纹枯病、稻曲病具有较高防效。研究还进一步证实高地芽孢杆菌JYW21和JYW26对水稻种子发芽率、水稻植株生长具有显著促进作用，温室条件下分别增加发芽率6.27%和6.81%、秧苗高12.91%和14.91%、秧苗鲜重21.43%和28.57%、成株期株高24.67%和18.67%、鲜重64.04%和61.79%、根长30.96%和27.94%、根重24.71%和25.88%。田间条件下，高地芽孢杆菌JYW21和JYW26分别增加分蘖数20.59%和15.27%、穗重19.55%和3.53%、千粒重4.77%和1.25%。由此可见，2株高地芽孢杆菌不仅具有较好的防治稻瘟病等多种真菌病害的应用潜力，还可促进水稻生长，因此具有较好的生防潜力和开发前景。研究还发现2株高地芽孢杆菌可增加水稻叶片叶绿素的含量，这可能是促进水稻生长的原因之一。

关键词: 高地芽孢杆菌, 稻瘟病, 生物防治, 促生, 叶绿素

Abstract:

The aim is to clarify the biocontrol application effect of Bacillus altitudinis, and lay a foundation for the development and application. Two B. altitudinis strains of JYW21 and JYW26 with good controlling effects against rice blast were preliminarily screened through enzyme and antagonistic activity to Magnaporthe oryzae. In this experiment, their biocontrol effects against rice blast were verified in different conditions (in leaf blades, greenhouse and field tests). At the same time, the growth promotion effect of rice was determined by seed germination, potting and field tests. The control effects of B. altitudinis were at least 96% in leaf blades and 79% in greenhouse respectively, and the control effects were 55% against leaf blast and 70% against panicle blast in field experiments. At the same time, it had a higher biocontrol effect on rice sheath blight and rice smut disease. The experimental results also showed that B. altitudinisJYW21 and JYW26 played a good role in rice seeds germination, plant growth, which could increase the germination rate of rice by 6.27% and 6.81%, seedling height by 12.91% and 14.91%, seedling fresh weight by 21.43% and 28.57%, plant height by 24.67%and 18.67%, fresh weight by 64.04% and 61.79%, root length by 30.96% and 27.94%, and root weight by 24.71% and 25.88% in greenhouse, respectively. Under field conditions, B. altitudiniss JYW21 and JYW26 increased rice tillering number by 20.59% and 15.27%, panicle weight by 19.55% and 3.53%, thousand seed weight by 4.77% and 1.25%, respectively. These results showed that the two strains of B. altitudinis could not only be used to control rice blast and other fungal diseases, but also could promote the growth and production of rice. It was also found that the two strains of B. altitudinis could increase the content of chlorophyll in rice leaves, which might be one of the reasons for promoting the growth of rice.

Key words: Bacillus altitudinis, rice blast, bio-control, growth promoting, chlorophyll

卫甜, 杨倩, 刘怀阿, 朱锦磊, 吕敏. 高地芽孢杆菌对稻瘟病的防治及促生作用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(7): 123-128.

WEI Tian, YANG Qian, LIU Huai’a, ZHU Jinlei, LV Min. Effects of Bacillus altitudinis Against Rice Blast and Promote Rice Growth[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(7): 123-128.

图/表 8

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处理	叶瘟（离体叶片法）		叶瘟（温室）		叶瘟（田间）		穗瘟（田间）
处理	病情指数	防效/%	病情指数	防效/%	病情指数	防效/%	病情指数	防效/%
JYW21	0.45±0.39b	96.96	5.31±0.27b	82.39	2.44±0.56b	56.12	5.56±0.67b	71.18
JYW26	0.29±0.07b	98.04	6.08±0.39b	79.83	1.78±0.57b	67.99	4.13±0.63b	78.59
CK	14.81±1.45a		30.15±2.10a		5.56±1.02a		19.29±0.74a

处理	叶瘟（离体叶片法）		叶瘟（温室）		叶瘟（田间）		穗瘟（田间）
处理	病情指数	防效/%	病情指数	防效/%	病情指数	防效/%	病情指数	防效/%
JYW21	0.45±0.39b	96.96	5.31±0.27b	82.39	2.44±0.56b	56.12	5.56±0.67b	71.18
JYW26	0.29±0.07b	98.04	6.08±0.39b	79.83	1.78±0.57b	67.99	4.13±0.63b	78.59
CK	14.81±1.45a		30.15±2.10a		5.56±1.02a		19.29±0.74a

处理	纹枯病		稻曲病
处理	病情指数	防效/%	病情指数	防效/%
JYW21	11.23±1.67c	63.76	0.94±0.32b	36.49
JYW26	18.15±1.74b	41.43	0.49±0.21c	66.89
CK	30.99±1.95a		1.48±0.38a

处理	纹枯病		稻曲病
处理	病情指数	防效/%	病情指数	防效/%
JYW21	11.23±1.67c	63.76	0.94±0.32b	36.49
JYW26	18.15±1.74b	41.43	0.49±0.21c	66.89
CK	30.99±1.95a		1.48±0.38a

处理	发芽		秧苗高		秧苗鲜重
处理	发芽率/%	提高率/%	高度/cm	提高率/%	重量/g	提高率/%
JYW21	97.50±1.91a	6.27	11.81±1.97a	12.91	0.17±0.03 b	21.43
JYW26	98.00±0.82a	6.81	12.02±1.71a	14.91	0.18±0.04 a	28.57
CK	91.75±2.75b		10.46±1.22b		0.14±0.02 c