印度梨形孢定殖策略和促生机制研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0243

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示印度梨形孢(Serendipita indica)与寄主植物共生及促生作用的原理，综述了印度梨形孢定殖策略和促生机制两个方面的研究进展。总结了印度梨形孢形态和功能特点；定殖的过程、策略及影响因素；促进寄主生长发育的作用及其机制。印度梨形孢在植物根系定殖进化出了高度特异性的策略，其梨形的厚垣孢子能够定殖在成熟的细胞中，但不会引起植物的胁迫，最终达到真菌定殖和植物生长的平衡状态。印度梨形孢定殖成功后发挥其生物生长调节器的作用，通过不同机制促进植物生长和花朵发育，提高种子、果实的产量和品质。指出研究印度梨形孢的定殖策略，需要综合宿主的生态学、生理学、遗传学和基因组学的框架；印度梨形孢促进植物生长发育的作用机制需要结合宏基因组等先进技术综合研究；印度梨形孢相关产品的开发需要考虑配方稳定性、产品产业化和保质期等问题。

关键词: 土壤微生物, 印度梨形孢, 互作关系, 定殖, 促生

Abstract:

In order to reveal the principle of symbiosis and growth promotion between Serendipita indica and host plants, we reviewed the research progress on colonization strategy and growth promotion mechanism of S. indica in the present paper. We also summarized the morphological and functional characteristics of S. indica, the colonization process, strategies and influencing factors, as well as the role and promotion mechanism of S. indica on growth and development of the host plants. S. indica evolved a highly specific strategy in plant root colonization, during which S. indica could colonize in mature cells without threatening, and finally reached a balance between fungal colonization and plant growth. After successful colonization, S. indica played the role of biological growth regulator, which could promote plant growth and flower development, and improve the yield and quality of seeds and fruits through different mechanisms. A framework that combined host ecology, physiology, genetics and genomics was needed for the research on the colonization strategies of S. indica. The promotion mechanism of S. indica on plant growth and development should be comprehensively studied with metagenomic technology. The formulation stability, product industrialization and shelf life should be considered in the development of S. indica related products.

Key words: soil microorganism, Serendipita indica, interaction, colonization, growth promotion

武明雅, 陈俊强, 马海林, 刘方春, 刘丙花, 刘幸红, 司东霞. 印度梨形孢定殖策略和促生机制研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(3): 119-126.

WU Mingya, CHEN Junqiang, MA hailin, LIU Fangchun, LIU Binghua, LIU Xinghong, SI Dongxia. Colonization Strategy and Growth Promotion Mechanism of Serendipita indica: Research Progress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(3): 119-126.

图/表 7

参考文献 51

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名称	类型	分类	共生方式	培养方式	寄主范围	作用
丛枝菌根真菌	内生真菌	接合菌门	AM菌根	不能离体培养	不能与莎草科、苋科、灯芯草科、石竹科、藜科等共生	促进生长，提高耐受性和抗病性
根瘤菌	内生细菌	变形菌门	根瘤	不能离体培养	与豆科植物高度专化	共生固氮
印度梨形孢	内生真菌	担子菌门	梨形厚垣孢子	离体易培养	目前发现能与12个科约150种植物共生	促进生长，提高产量品质；促进花朵发育；提高耐受性和抗病性；土壤修复

名称	类型	分类	共生方式	培养方式	寄主范围	作用
丛枝菌根真菌	内生真菌	接合菌门	AM菌根	不能离体培养	不能与莎草科、苋科、灯芯草科、石竹科、藜科等共生	促进生长，提高耐受性和抗病性
根瘤菌	内生细菌	变形菌门	根瘤	不能离体培养	与豆科植物高度专化	共生固氮
印度梨形孢	内生真菌	担子菌门	梨形厚垣孢子	离体易培养	目前发现能与12个科约150种植物共生	促进生长，提高产量品质；促进花朵发育；提高耐受性和抗病性；土壤修复

植物材料	植物年龄	培养条件	促生作用（处理/对照）	品质（处理/对照）	文献
非洲万寿菊 (Tagetus erecta L.)	幼苗	大田中直接浇灌Si菌液	花朵数量和鲜花总体产量增加	提高叶绿素含量	[32]
“秋香”杂交兰花（Cymbidium ssp.)	幼苗	培养基共培养Si与兰花60天	Fw 53%，60%(whole plant) Length 58%，67%(root)	提高植株根系和叶片中的矿质元素 (N，P，K，Ca)	[33]
文心兰（Oncidium hybridum)	幼苗	培养基中共培养Si和文心兰	high70% Fw 96%		[34]
毛喉鞘蕊花（Coleus forskohlii)	幼苗	2% Si菌量混合土样中	花期提前7天	提高花序数量和长度	[35]

植物材料	植物年龄	培养条件	促生作用（处理/对照）	品质（处理/对照）	文献
非洲万寿菊 (Tagetus erecta L.)	幼苗	大田中直接浇灌Si菌液	花朵数量和鲜花总体产量增加	提高叶绿素含量	[32]
“秋香”杂交兰花（Cymbidium ssp.)	幼苗	培养基共培养Si与兰花60天	Fw 53%，60%(whole plant) Length 58%，67%(root)	提高植株根系和叶片中的矿质元素 (N，P，K，Ca)	[33]
文心兰（Oncidium hybridum)	幼苗	培养基中共培养Si和文心兰	high70% Fw 96%		[34]
毛喉鞘蕊花（Coleus forskohlii)	幼苗	2% Si菌量混合土样中	花期提前7天	提高花序数量和长度	[35]