苏云金芽胞杆菌Cry毒素的研究现状

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0507

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苏云金芽胞杆菌是应用最为成功的微生物杀虫剂，它产生的最大一类杀虫蛋白是Cry毒素，其田间应用是防治农业害虫和提高作物产量的重要手段。Cry毒素具有针对宿主生物速效、对非目标生物的影响低、对环境友好和可降解等优势。本研究简述了Cry毒素在投入农业使用中产生的昆虫抗性问题，归纳了Cry毒素结构和功能、作用机制、蛋白结构域、昆虫抗性等研究现状，总结了表观遗传机制、受体调控、原生肠道菌群促进抗性的三大特点，分析了对抗性昆虫的应对措施，认为人工选择新型耐药昆虫以预见可能的耐药途径、Cry毒素进行定向进化和田间交互使用策略是研究重点。本文旨在为Cry毒素在农业生物防治中的成功应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 生物防治, Cry毒素, 昆虫抗性, 杀虫机制, 突变改造

Abstract:

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most successful microbial insecticide in application. The largest class of insecticidal proteins produced by Bt is Cry toxin, and its application in field is an important means for controlling agricultural pests and increasing crop yields. Cry toxin has the advantages of quick-acting at host organisms, low impact on non-target organisms, environmental friendliness and degradability. This study briefly describes the research on insect resistance caused by Cry toxin when it is put into agricultural use. The research status of structure and function, mechanism of action, protein domain and insect resistance of Cry toxin are summarized. The three main features of the promotion of insect resistance by epigenetic mechanism, receptor regulation and native intestinal flora are concluded. The Countermeasures against resistant insects are analyzed. It is considered that artificial selection of new resistant insects can predict possible resistance pathways, and directional evolution of Cry toxin and interactive use strategy in field are the research priorities. The paper is aimed to provide theoretical basis for successful application of Cry toxin in agricultural biological control.

Key words: biological control, Cry toxin, insect resistance, insecticidal mechanism, catastrophic transformation

符百文, 许炼, 郑梅霞, 朱育菁. 苏云金芽胞杆菌Cry毒素的研究现状[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(5): 88-96.

FU Baiwen, XU Lian, ZHENG Meixia, ZHU Yujing. Cry Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis: Research Status[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(5): 88-96.

图/表 1

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