释放螟黄赤眼蜂防治草地贪夜蛾田间效果评价

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0664

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在评价释放赤眼蜂防治草地贪夜蛾的田间效果，为推广草地贪夜蛾生物防治技术提供参考。分别在南宁市马山县古统村和南宁市西乡塘区坛洛镇金光乳业公司设置1个放蜂区，每个放蜂区安排放蜂试验3次，每次每公顷使用150张蜂卡，每张蜂卡含1000头螟黄赤眼蜂。在放蜂前及每次放蜂后调查草地贪夜蛾为害株率、百株虫量和卵寄生率。3次放蜂后，古统村放蜂区平均为害株率由36.33%降至7.60%，平均百株虫量由11.27头降至3.33头，卵寄生率由20.08%提升至100%，为害情况得到控制，卵寄生率大幅上升；金光乳业公司放蜂区平均为害株率由68.40%升至88.37%，平均百株虫量由43.56头降至43.23头，卵寄生率由0升至3.96%，为害情况未得到改善，卵寄生率有所上升。试验中还发现螟黄赤眼蜂与夜蛾黑卵蜂有协同寄生的情况，古统村放蜂区3次放蜂8天后2蜂共寄卵粒56粒，寄生率为100%。可见玉米田中的夜蛾黑卵蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂偏好共同寄生草地贪夜蛾卵块。综上所述，在田间草地贪夜蛾为害较轻时释放螟黄赤眼蜂，可有效控制草地贪夜蛾田间虫口密度，降低为害率，提高卵寄生率，是防控草地贪夜蛾的有效生物措施之一；田间为害较重时，仅靠单一释放螟黄赤眼蜂无法达到很好的防治效果。释放螟黄赤眼蜂防治草地贪夜蛾需把握时机。

关键词: 草地贪夜蛾, 螟黄赤眼蜂, 生物防治, 效果, 天敌

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect in field of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii release and to provide some reference for promoting biocontrol techniques on controlling the Spodoptera frugiperda. We set up 2 experimental districts. One was in the Gutong village, Mashan County, Nanning, and the other was in the cornplanting base of Jinguang Company in the Tanluo village, Xixiangtang District, Nanning. Each district released T.chilonis 3 time, and use 150 bee cards which contained 1000 Trichogramma chilonis Ishii in a card per hectare at a time. The injury rate, amount per100 plants and egg parasitzed rate of Spodoptera frugiperda were investigated before and everytime after releasing. In Gutong, when the release was over, the average injury rate decreased from 36.33% to 7.60%, the amount per100 plants decreased from 11.27 to 3.33, and the average egg parasitized rate increased from 20.08% to 100%. The damage was controlled and the egg parasitized rate increased significantly. In Jinguang, when the release was over, the average injury rate increased from 68.40% to 88.37%, the amount per100 plants decreased from 43.56 to 43.23, and egg parasitzed rate increased from 0 to 3.96%. The damage situation was not improved and the egg parasitzed increased. It was also found that Trichogramma chilonis Ishii was co-parasitized with the Telenomus remus Nixon. The two wasps sent 56 eggs in total after 8 days of 3 times of parasitism in Gutong village, and the parasitism rate was 100%. We found that, Telenomus remus Nixon and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii preferred to co-parasitise the egg mass of Spodoptera frugiperda. In conclusion, releasing Trichogramma chilonis Ishii when the infestation of Spodoptera frugiperda was mild could effectively control the population density of armyworm in the field, reduce the infestation rate and increase the egg parasitism rate, which was one of the effective biological measures to control Spodoptera frugiperda in the field. Only release of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii could not achieve good control effect when the field damage was heavy. Release of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to control Spodoptera frugiperda needs to seize the moment.

Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, biological control, effect, natural enemies

陈思妤. 释放螟黄赤眼蜂防治草地贪夜蛾田间效果评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(20): 109-112.

CHEN Siyu. Evaluation on the Field Effect of Releasing Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to Control the Spodoptera frugiperda[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(20): 109-112.

图/表 2

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调查地点	总寄生率/%				螟黄赤眼蜂寄生率/%				夜蛾黑卵蜂寄生率/%
调查地点	放蜂前	1次放蜂后	2次放蜂后	3次放蜂后	放蜂前	1次放蜂后	2次放蜂后	3次放蜂后	放蜂前	1次放蜂后	2次放蜂后	3次放蜂后
古统村放蜂区	20.08	72.82	35.86	100	20.08	15.54	10.86	91.07	0	57.28	25	8.93
金光乳业公司放蜂区	0	-	0.97	3.96	0	-	0.97	3.59	0	-	0	0.37

调查地点	总寄生率/%				螟黄赤眼蜂寄生率/%				夜蛾黑卵蜂寄生率/%
调查地点	放蜂前	1次放蜂后	2次放蜂后	3次放蜂后	放蜂前	1次放蜂后	2次放蜂后	3次放蜂后	放蜂前	1次放蜂后	2次放蜂后	3次放蜂后
古统村放蜂区	20.08	72.82	35.86	100	20.08	15.54	10.86	91.07	0	57.28	25	8.93
金光乳业公司放蜂区	0	-	0.97	3.96	0	-	0.97	3.59	0	-	0	0.37