补光时间和光质对温室甜椒叶片生长、碳代谢的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0626

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究发光二极管(LED)补光对温室甜椒叶片生长及碳代谢的影响，以甜椒品种‘奥黛丽’为试材，设置红光(R)和蓝光(B)组合2:1(2R1B)、4:1(4R1B)、8:1(8R1B)3种光质，2 h(18:00—20:00)、4 h(18:00—22:00)和8 h（18:00—次日02:00）3个补光时间，以不补光为对照(CK)，研究补光时间及光质对甜椒叶片生长、元素含量、糖含量及碳代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明，光质与补光时间能显著影响甜椒叶片的生长及碳代谢，且两者之间存在交互作用。与CK相比，光质2R1B处理的比叶重、钾、果糖、淀粉含量显著降低；而光质4R1B和8R1B处理的叶片数、总叶面积、叶绿素总量、生物量净积累速率(NAR)、总糖含量及酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性显著高于CK，且8R1B处理略优于4R1B处理，说明红光比例增大有利于叶片生长和碳代谢；光质对甜椒叶片氮、磷、钾、镁元素的含量影响不显著。除光质2R1B处理外，在同一光质下，随着补光时间的延长，甜椒的叶片数、比叶重、叶面积指数(LAI)、NAR、总糖、果糖、淀粉含量及AI、NI、SS和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性逐渐升高，且补光8 h处理显著高于补光2 h。综上，增大红光比例的同时延长补光时间有利于甜椒叶片生长、提高碳代谢水平和糖含量、增加干物质积累，光质8R1B补光8 h的处理表现最好。

关键词: 甜椒, 光质, 补光时间, 生长, 碳代谢

Abstract:

To explore the effect of LED (light emitting diode) supplemental light on the growth and carbon metabolism of leaves of greenhouse-grown sweet pepper (Capsium annuum), ‘Aodaili’ was chosen as the material to investigate the effects of different light qualities and duration on the growth, mineral elements’ content, sugar content and activities of key carbon metabolic enzymes. The LED as light source was provided with three light qualities, including the ratio of red (R) and blue (B) light of 2:1(2R1B), 4:1(4R1B) and 8:1(8R1B), and three supplemental light duration, including 2 h (18:00-20:00), 4 h (18:00-22:00) and 8 h (18:00-02:00 next day), and no supplemental light was taken as the control (CK). The results showed that the growth and carbon metabolism of leaves of sweet pepper were significantly affected by light quality and light duration, which had an interaction between them. Compared with those of CK, the specific leaf weight (SLW), the contents of potassium, fructose and starch significantly decreased under 2R1B treatment; while the leaf number, total leaf area, total chlorophyll content, biomass net assimilation rate (NAR), total sugar content, and the activities of acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI) and sucrose synthase (SS) were significantly higher than those of CK under 4R1B or 8R1B. Moreover, the 8R1B treatment was slightly better than 4R1B treatment, indicating that increasing the proportion of red light was beneficial to leaf growth and carbon metabolism. Light quality had no significant effect on the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in leaves of sweet pepper. Under the same light quality, the leaf number, SLW, leaf area index (LAI), NAR, total sugar content, fructose content, starch content and the activities of AI, NI, SS and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) of sweet pepper increased gradually with the duration of supplemental light except the 2R1B treatment. Moreover, these indexes were significantly higher under light treatment of 8 h than those under 2 h. In conclusion, increasing the proportion of red light and the duration of supplemental light is beneficial to the leaf growth, and can improve carbon metabolism and sugar content, and increase dry matter accumulation. The treatment of 8 h under 8R1B is optimal for sweet pepper.

Key words: sweet pepper, light quality, supplemental light duration, growth, carbon metabolism

中图分类号:

S641.3

段青青, 韩梅梅, 谭月强, 张自坤. 补光时间和光质对温室甜椒叶片生长、碳代谢的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(1): 37-44.

DUAN Qingqing, HAN Meimei, TAN Yueqiang, ZHANG Zikun. Effects of Supplemental Light Quality and Duration on the Growth and Carbon Metabolism of Leaves of Greenhouse-grown Sweet Pepper[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(1): 37-44.

图/表 6

参考文献 38

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处理		叶片数	总叶面积/ (m²/株)	比叶重/ (mg/cm²)	叶面积指数	叶绿素总量/ [mg/(g·FW)]	生物量净积累速率/ [g/(m²·d)]
光质	补光时间/h	叶片数	总叶面积/ (m²/株)	比叶重/ (mg/cm²)	叶面积指数	叶绿素总量/ [mg/(g·FW)]	生物量净积累速率/ [g/(m²·d)]
2R1B	2	105.5±5.44bc	0.29±0.03b	8.01±0.11cd	1.12±0.05c	2.28±0.16c	0.64±0.03c
	4	108.0±6.14bc	0.31±0.04ab	8.04±0.10cd	1.26±0.06bc	2.37±0.13c	0.75±0.05b
	8	81.5±4.37d	0.23±0.01c	7.43±0.21d	1.15±0.10c	2.30±0.11c	0.72±0.03b
4R1B	2	120.4±7.49ab	0.33±0.02a	8.51±0.26bc	1.36±0.11b	3.12±0.21b	0.73±0.01b
	4	118.6±5.36ab	0.31±0.01ab	8.72±0.22b	1.27±0.19bc	3.01±0.16b	0.76±0.02b
	8	123.0±6.60a	0.39±0.02a	8.96±0.31b	1.75±0.08a	3.42±0.20ab	0.93±0.08a
8R1B	2	120.2±5.68ab	0.35±0.01a	9.11±0.37ab	1.57±0.02b	3.54±0.19a	0.75±0.01b
	4	121.3±4.60a	0.33±0.04a	9.25±0.21a	1.39±0.12b	3.13±0.18b	0.93±0.07a
	8	125.5±5.39a	0.38±0.02a	9.70±0.36a	1.79±0.10a	3.38±0.22ab	1.04±0.06a
CK		94.8±4.14c	0.25±0.03bc	8.18±0.15c	1.19±0.08c	2.08±0.15c	0.42±0.01d
Two-way ANOVA	光质	*	*	*	*	*	*
	补光时间	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*
	光质×补光时间	*	*	*	*	*	*

处理		叶片数	总叶面积/ (m²/株)	比叶重/ (mg/cm²)	叶面积指数	叶绿素总量/ [mg/(g·FW)]	生物量净积累速率/ [g/(m²·d)]
光质	补光时间/h	叶片数	总叶面积/ (m²/株)	比叶重/ (mg/cm²)	叶面积指数	叶绿素总量/ [mg/(g·FW)]	生物量净积累速率/ [g/(m²·d)]
2R1B	2	105.5±5.44bc	0.29±0.03b	8.01±0.11cd	1.12±0.05c	2.28±0.16c	0.64±0.03c
	4	108.0±6.14bc	0.31±0.04ab	8.04±0.10cd	1.26±0.06bc	2.37±0.13c	0.75±0.05b
	8	81.5±4.37d	0.23±0.01c	7.43±0.21d	1.15±0.10c	2.30±0.11c	0.72±0.03b
4R1B	2	120.4±7.49ab	0.33±0.02a	8.51±0.26bc	1.36±0.11b	3.12±0.21b	0.73±0.01b
	4	118.6±5.36ab	0.31±0.01ab	8.72±0.22b	1.27±0.19bc	3.01±0.16b	0.76±0.02b
	8	123.0±6.60a	0.39±0.02a	8.96±0.31b	1.75±0.08a	3.42±0.20ab	0.93±0.08a
8R1B	2	120.2±5.68ab	0.35±0.01a	9.11±0.37ab	1.57±0.02b	3.54±0.19a	0.75±0.01b
	4	121.3±4.60a	0.33±0.04a	9.25±0.21a	1.39±0.12b	3.13±0.18b	0.93±0.07a
	8	125.5±5.39a	0.38±0.02a	9.70±0.36a	1.79±0.10a	3.38±0.22ab	1.04±0.06a
CK		94.8±4.14c	0.25±0.03bc	8.18±0.15c	1.19±0.08c	2.08±0.15c	0.42±0.01d
Two-way ANOVA	光质	*	*	*	*	*	*
	补光时间	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*
	光质×补光时间	*	*	*	*	*	*

处理		氮含量(DW)/%	磷含量(DW)/%	钾含量(DW)/%	钙含量(DW)/%	镁含量(DW)/%
光质	补光时间/h	氮含量(DW)/%	磷含量(DW)/%	钾含量(DW)/%	钙含量(DW)/%	镁含量(DW)/%
2R1B	2	3.22±0.14a	0.32±0.03a	4.17±0.19ab	4.05±0.15ab	0.80±0.07ab
	4	3.43±0.11a	0.31±0.04a	3.69±0.10c	4.45±0.26a	0.76±0.01b
	8	3.44±0.15a	0.28±0.01a	3.83±0.12bc	3.92±0.10b	0.87±0.04a
4R1B	2	3.64±0.19a	0.34±0.03a	3.85±0.06bc	4.04±0.17ab	0.72±0.02b
	4	3.46±0.12a	0.32±0.01a	3.87±0.12bc	4.47±0.29a	0.84±0.06a
	8	3.57±0.10a	0.34±0.02a	3.97±0.13b	4.05±0.18ab	0.72±0.03b
8R1B	2	3.59±0.18a	0.33±0.01a	3.97±0.17b	4.30±0.12a	0.65±0.01c
	4	3.79±0.11a	0.34±0.02a	4.13±0.10ab	4.27±0.19a	0.84±0.06a
	8	3.34±0.19a	0.30±0.02a	2.86±0.14d	1.38±0.07c	0.91±0.05a
CK		3.48±0.13a	0.31±0.03a	4.65±0.12a	4.34±0.28a	0.77±0.02b
Two-way ANOVA	光质	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
	补光时间	ns	ns	*	*	*
	光质×补光时间	ns	ns	*	*	*

处理		氮含量(DW)/%	磷含量(DW)/%	钾含量(DW)/%	钙含量(DW)/%	镁含量(DW)/%
光质	补光时间/h	氮含量(DW)/%	磷含量(DW)/%	钾含量(DW)/%	钙含量(DW)/%	镁含量(DW)/%
2R1B	2	3.22±0.14a	0.32±0.03a	4.17±0.19ab	4.05±0.15ab	0.80±0.07ab
	4	3.43±0.11a	0.31±0.04a	3.69±0.10c	4.45±0.26a	0.76±0.01b
	8	3.44±0.15a	0.28±0.01a	3.83±0.12bc	3.92±0.10b	0.87±0.04a
4R1B	2	3.64±0.19a	0.34±0.03a	3.85±0.06bc	4.04±0.17ab	0.72±0.02b
	4	3.46±0.12a	0.32±0.01a	3.87±0.12bc	4.47±0.29a	0.84±0.06a
	8	3.57±0.10a	0.34±0.02a	3.97±0.13b	4.05±0.18ab	0.72±0.03b
8R1B	2	3.59±0.18a	0.33±0.01a	3.97±0.17b	4.30±0.12a	0.65±0.01c
	4	3.79±0.11a	0.34±0.02a	4.13±0.10ab	4.27±0.19a	0.84±0.06a
	8	3.34±0.19a	0.30±0.02a	2.86±0.14d	1.38±0.07c	0.91±0.05a
CK		3.48±0.13a	0.31±0.03a	4.65±0.12a	4.34±0.28a	0.77±0.02b
Two-way ANOVA	光质	ns	ns	ns	*	ns
	补光时间	ns	ns	*	*	*
	光质×补光时间	ns	ns	*	*	*

处理		总糖/[mg/(g·DW)]	果糖/[mg/(g·DW)]	蔗糖/[mg/(g·DW)]	淀粉/[mg/(g·DW)]
光质	补光时间/h	总糖/[mg/(g·DW)]	果糖/[mg/(g·DW)]	蔗糖/[mg/(g·DW)]	淀粉/[mg/(g·DW)]
2R1B	2	107.15±1.02d	10.16±0.58d	9.21±0.79c	48.82±0.76d
	4	110.68±1.30cd	11.21±0.83cd	9.44±0.94c	50.28±0.95d
	8	96.35±0.98e	10.93±0.91d	10.95±0.81b	40.25±1.14e
4R1B	2	115.44±1.87c	13.76±1.01b	10.65±0.92b	55.46±1.63c
	4	128.06±1.01b	14.16±0.95b	10.87±1.01b	60.17±0.57b
	8	132.82±1.96a	16.68±1.03a	11.09±0.83b	70.05±1.04a
8R1B	2	120.97±1.24b	12.55±1.00c	11.36±0.79ab	58.27±0.66bc
	4	118.53±1.11b	13.39±0.68bc	12.32±0.87a	63.23±0.98b
	8	136.95±0.99a	16.97±1.04a	12.77±1.06a	71.29±0.86a
CK		108.08±0.72d	12.37±0.97c	10.08±0.87bc	53.19±1.90c
Two-way ANOVA	光质	*	*	*	*
	补光时间	*	*	*	*
	光质×补光时间	*	*	*	*