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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (35): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0158

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

2个小麦种质材料育种相关性状的初步分析

张婧1,2(), 曲继鹏3, 万洪深1,4()   

  1. 1 农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，成都 610066
    2 成都海关技术中心/食品安全检测四川省重点实验室，成都 610041
    3 西昌学院，四川西昌 615013
    4 四川省农业科学院作物研究所/粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室，成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-28 修回日期:2023-09-10 出版日期:2023-12-11 发布日期:2023-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    万洪深，男，1982年出生，江苏东台人，研究员，博士，研究方向：小麦遗传育种。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区狮子山路4号 省农科院作物所，Tel：028-84504259，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张婧，女，1984年出生，四川安岳人，高级农艺师，博士，研究方向：作物遗传育种及物种鉴定。通信地址：610041 四川省成都市武侯区一环路南四段28号 成都海关技术中心，Tel：028-62998778，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省财政专项“主要农作物种质资源挖掘及其精准鉴定利用前沿技术”(1+9KJGG0001); 四川省财政专项“主要农作物核心种质资源测序及精准鉴定评价”(1+3 ZYGG0001); 四川省十四五麦类育种攻关项目“突破性麦类育种材料和方法创新及新品种选育”(2021YFYZ0002)

Breeding-related Traits of Two Wheat Germplasms: Preliminary Analysis

ZHANG Jing1,2(), QU Jipeng3, WAN Hongshen1,4()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066
    2 Technical Center of Chengdu Customs/Food Safety Detection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041
    3 Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan 615013
    4 Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066
  • Received:2023-02-28 Revised:2023-09-10 Published-:2023-12-11 Online:2023-12-11

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摘要：

对引自德国的品种‘16亲10188’、大穗抗病种质‘YB’等2个小麦种质的育种特性进行初步鉴定。利用西南麦区主栽品种和地方品种分别与其杂交组配，并对其F1代及其亲本进行产量、抗病相关性状的调查。‘16亲10188’具有矮秆、多粒、抗条锈病、抗白粉病的特性，在F1组合中，其矮秆表现为部分显性，高穗粒数表现为隐形或部分显性，条锈病抗性表现为显性，白粉病抗性表现为隐性；‘YB’为大穗、寡分蘖、抗条锈病、抗白粉病材料，其长穗表现为部分显性，寡分蘖表现为隐性，穗粒数、粒重性状在F1中表现为杂种优势，抗白粉病表现为隐性。‘16亲10188’的降秆、条锈病抗性在育种中可以进行早代选择，高穗粒数、抗白粉病性状可以在高代系群体中进行选择；‘YB’的F1组合在产量上表现出显著的杂种优势，可作为杂交小麦育种的优良亲本。

关键词: 小麦, 种质资源, 产量相关性状, 育种利用, 杂种优势

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to preliminarily identify the breeding-application characteristics of two wheat germplasm resources materials, ‘16qin10188’ introduced from German and ‘YB’ with large spike and high disease resistance. In this study, the leading wheat cultivars and landraces from southwestern China were used to cross with the two germplasms to generate F1, and the yield-related traits and disease resistance of F1 generations and their parents were investigated. ‘16qin10188’ had the characteristics of dwarf, multi-grain and resistance to both stripe rust and powdery mildew. And in F1 generations, its dwarf trait showed partially dominance, and its high spike grain number trait showed recessiveness or partially dominance. The stripe rust resistance of ‘16qin10188’ was dominance while its powdery mildew resistance was recessive. ‘YB’ had oligo culm with long spike and resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. In the F1 generations, the long spike of ‘YB’ showed partially dominance, and the oligo-culm trait was recessive. Grains per spike and grain weight showed significant heterosis, and its powdery mildew resistance was recessive. The dwarf trait and stripe rust resistance of ‘16qin10188’ can be selected in the early generation in breeding, while its high spike grain number and powdery mildew resistance can be selected in the higher generation population; ‘YB’-derived F1 showed the significant heterosis in grain yield, and ‘YB’ could be considered as a potential elite parent for hybrid wheat breeding.

Key words: common wheat, germplasms, yield-related trait, breeding application, heterosis