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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (26): 17-25.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0280

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

整枝打顶对不同蚕豆品种鲜食产量及其产量构成因素的影响

钟小娟1(), 杨梅1, 李欣2, 王华3, 鲜东锋1, 王娴淑1, 范元芳1, 项超1()   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院作物研究所/粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室，成都 610066
    2 四川省种子站，成都 610041
    3 仪陇县农业技术推广站，四川仪陇 637600
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-11 修回日期:2023-07-06 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 项超，男，1988年出生，副研究员，博士，研究方向：豆类种质资源与遗传育种研究。通信地址：610066 四川成都锦江区狮子山路4号 四川省农业科学院作物研究所，Tel：028-84504242，E-mail：xc2011cib@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    钟小娟，女，1989年出生，四川泸州人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：豆类种质资源与遗传育种研究。通信地址：610066 四川成都锦江区狮子山路4号 四川省农业科学院作物研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系项目“四川豆类杂粮创新团队”(SCCXTD-2022-20); 四川省“十四五”科技支撑项目“育种攻关”(2021YFYZ0022); 四川省财政自主创新专项目“小麦异源六倍化与食用豆抗性研究”(2022ZZCX006); 国家财政部和农业农村部支持项目“国家现代农业产业技术体系-食用豆”(CARS-08)

Effects of Pruning and Topping on Fresh Yield and Yield Components of Different Faba Bean Varieties

ZHONG Xiaojuan1(), YANG Mei1, LI Xin2, WANG Hua3, XIAN Dongfeng1, WANG Xianshu1, FAN Yuanfang1, XIANG Chao1()   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066
    2 Sichuan Seed Station, Chengdu 610041
    3 Yilong Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Yilong, Sichuan 637600
  • Received:2023-04-11 Revised:2023-07-06 Published-:2023-09-15 Online:2023-09-11

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摘要：

为研究不同整枝打顶方式对不同蚕豆品种农艺性状和产量的影响，总结不同品种的最适整枝打顶方式，以‘成胡10号’、‘成胡18’、‘成胡19’和‘成胡25’为材料，对每个蚕豆品种分别设置4种整枝打顶处理方式：全处理、去主茎、去无效枝、打顶，分析不同处理对不同蚕豆品种的农艺性状和各产量构成因素的影响。结果表明，打顶处理可有效控制不同蚕豆品种的株高；‘成胡10号’在打顶处理下的2年平均鲜荚产量较对照增产20.9%，鲜籽粒产量较对照增产25.7%，均显著高于对照；‘成胡19’在去主茎处理下，2年平均鲜荚产量增产61.2%，鲜籽粒产量增产35.5%，均显著高于对照；各整枝打顶处理方式对‘成胡18’的鲜食产量及其构成因素无明显影响；打顶处理对提高鲜食专用型‘成胡25’的百粒重及出籽率有一定促进作用。综上，整枝打顶对蚕豆的增产效应在不同蚕豆品种及不同整枝打顶方式间均有所差异，针对不同专用型品种，可选择性针对某些产量性状而采取适宜的整枝打顶方式，以获得更高的经济效益。

关键词: 蚕豆, 品种, 整枝打顶, 鲜食产量

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the effect of different pruning and topping methods on agronomic characters and yield of different faba bean varieties, and summarize the optimum pruning and topping methods of different varieties. ‘Chenghu 10’, ‘Chenghu 18’, ‘Chenghu 19’ and ‘Chenghu 25’ were used as materials, and four pruning and topping treatments including pruning and topping, removal of main stem, removal of invalid branches and topping were set up for each faba bean variety to analyze the effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits and yield components of different faba bean varieties. The results showed that among different treatments, the topping treatment can effectively control plant height. The average yield of fresh pod and fresh grain of ‘Chenghu 10’ were increased by 20.9% and 25.7%, respectively, and were significantly higher than that of the control under the topping treatment. Under the treatment of removal of main stem, the average yield of fresh pod and fresh grain of ‘Chenghu 19’ increased by 61.2% and 35.5%, both of which were significantly higher than that of the control. Each pruning and topping treatment had no significant effect on yield-related traits and fresh yield of ‘Chenghu 18’. Topping treatment could improve the 100-grain weight and seed emergence rate of ‘Chenghu 25’. In summary, the effect of pruning and topping on fresh yield of faba bean varies among different faba bean varieties, as well as among different pruning and topping methods. Different pruning and topping methods can be selectively adopted to improve some yield-related characters among different special varieties in order to obtain higher economic benefits.

Key words: faba bean, variety, pruning and topping, fresh yield