杏壳木醋液对马铃薯瓢虫的非特异性作用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0387

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (13): 121-128.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0387

杏壳木醋液对马铃薯瓢虫的非特异性作用

甘杨广¹(), 叶乐夫², 李振宇¹, 王莉青¹, 池阳¹, 徐臻¹, 付雪¹()

¹ 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院，哈尔滨 150080
² 东北农业大学植物保护学院，哈尔滨 150030

收稿日期:2023-05-24 修回日期:2023-08-18 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2024-04-28
通讯作者:
付雪，1979年出生，黑龙江哈尔滨人，副教授，博士，主要从事农业昆虫与害虫防治研究工作。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学，E-mail：2008003@hlju.edu.cn。
作者简介:
甘杨广，1997年出生，广西玉林人，硕士，研究方向：农业昆虫与害虫防治。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学，E-mail：gtrios@163.com。
基金资助:
黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费项目“木醋液对内共生菌介导的桃蚜抗药性的影响机制研究”(2022-KYYWF-1068)

Non-Specific Effects of Apricot Shell Wood Vinegar Solution on Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata

GAN Yangguang¹(), YE Lefu², LI Zhenyu¹, WANG Liqing¹, CHI Yang¹, XU Zhen¹, FU Xue¹()

¹ College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
² College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030

Received:2023-05-24 Revised:2023-08-18 Published:2024-04-28 Online:2024-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究杏壳木醋液对马铃薯瓢虫的生长抑制、拒食活性以及驱避活性影响，明确杏壳木醋液对马铃薯瓢虫的非特异性作用，为马铃薯瓢虫绿色防控和木醋液的害虫防治应用提供理论依据。用杏壳木醋液不同浓度处理的龙葵叶片喂食马铃薯瓢虫，测定不同浓度处理在各时间段4龄幼虫的体重增长量、成虫和幼虫的非选择性和选择性取食量以及行为选择情况，并分析不同浓度杏壳木醋液对马铃薯瓢虫的增重抑制、拒食活性、驱避活性等影响。结果表明，4龄幼虫的体重增加、成虫和幼虫的非选择性和选择性取食量以及行为选择均显著受到杏壳木醋液的影响，其中杏壳木醋液在48 h时4龄幼虫体重增长抑制率最高达到83%；4龄幼虫和成虫的最高非选择性拒食率分别为92%和82%；最高选择性拒食率分别为87%和78%；马铃薯瓢虫幼虫和成虫在四臂嗅觉仪中均表现出了极显著的驱避作用，幼虫的最高驱避指数为0.67，成虫为0.95。杏壳木醋液对马铃薯瓢虫有显著的增重抑制、拒食活性和驱避活性，杏壳木醋液浓度对马铃薯瓢虫还有显著的非特异性作用。

关键词: 马铃薯瓢虫, 木醋液, 生长抑制, 拒食作用, 驱避作用, 四臂嗅觉仪

Abstract:

To investigate the growth inhibition, anti-feeding and repellent activity of apricot shell wood vinegar on the Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, to clarify the non-specific effect of apricot shell wood vinegar on the Mots, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of the Mots’ green prevention and control and the application of wood vinegar for pest control. The Mots were fed with leaves of Solanum nigrum treated with different concentrations of apricot shell wood vinegar solution, and the body weight gain of 4^th instar larvae, non-selective anti-feeding and selective anti-feeding of adults and larvae as well as behavioral choices of different concentrations of apricot shell wood vinegar solution were measured in each period, and the effects of different concentrations of apricot shell wood vinegar solution on the weight gain inhibition, anti-feeding and repellency were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that, the weight gain of 4^th instar larvae, non-selective anti-feeding and selective anti-feeding of adults and larvae, and behavioral choice were all significantly affected by apricot shell wood vinegar solution, among which the weight gain inhibition of 4^th instar larvae by apricot shell wood vinegar solution reached 83% at 48 h. The highest non-selective anti-feeding rates were 92% and 82% for 4^th instar larvae and adults, respectively; the highest selective anti-feeding rates were 87% and 78% for 4^th instar larvae and adults, respectively; the Mots larvae and adults in the four-quadrant olfactometer showed highly significant repellent effect, with the highest repellent index of 0.67 for larvae and 0.95 for adults. It’s shown that apricot shell wood vinegar had significant weight gain inhibition, anti-feeding and repellent activity on the Mots. The concentration of apricot shell wood vinegar also had significant non-specific effects on the Mots.

Key words: Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, wood vinegar, growth inhibition, anti-feeding effect, repellent effect, four-quadrant olfactometer

甘杨广, 叶乐夫, 李振宇, 王莉青, 池阳, 徐臻, 付雪. 杏壳木醋液对马铃薯瓢虫的非特异性作用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(13): 121-128.

GAN Yangguang, YE Lefu, LI Zhenyu, WANG Liqing, CHI Yang, XU Zhen, FU Xue. Non-Specific Effects of Apricot Shell Wood Vinegar Solution on Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(13): 121-128.

图/表 10

参考文献 27

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浓度/(mL/L)	24 h		48 h
浓度/(mL/L)	取食面积/cm²	非选择性拒食/%	取食面积/cm²	非选择性拒食/%
CK	3.02±0.28a	0d	5.87±0.45a	0d
1	2.15±0.21b	28.89±7.05c	4.06±0.39b	30.89±6.67c
2	1.63±0.15c	45.78±5.92b	2.94±0.41c	49.95±6.88b
5	1.32±0.16c	56.18±5.19b	2.32±0.34c	60.53±5.74b
10	0.66±0.08d	78.11±2.76a	1.30±0.17d	77.85±2.84a
20	0.43±0.12d	85.65±3.84a	0.71±0.13d	87.87±2.20a
50	0.42±0.10d	86.06±3.38a	0.79±0.22d	86.58±3.71a
100	0.28±0.06d	90.62±1.94a	0.48±0.09d	91.90±1.61a
回归方程	y=0.9432x+4.5908		y=0.9326x+4.6690
拒食中浓度AFC₅₀/(mL/L)	2.72		2.26
R²	0.9370		0.9371

浓度/(mL/L)	24 h		48 h
浓度/(mL/L)	取食面积/cm²	非选择性拒食/%	取食面积/cm²	非选择性拒食/%
CK	3.02±0.28a	0d	5.87±0.45a	0d
1	2.15±0.21b	28.89±7.05c	4.06±0.39b	30.89±6.67c
2	1.63±0.15c	45.78±5.92b	2.94±0.41c	49.95±6.88b
5	1.32±0.16c	56.18±5.19b	2.32±0.34c	60.53±5.74b
10	0.66±0.08d	78.11±2.76a	1.30±0.17d	77.85±2.84a
20	0.43±0.12d	85.65±3.84a	0.71±0.13d	87.87±2.20a
50	0.42±0.10d	86.06±3.38a	0.79±0.22d	86.58±3.71a
100	0.28±0.06d	90.62±1.94a	0.48±0.09d	91.90±1.61a
回归方程	y=0.9432x+4.5908		y=0.9326x+4.6690
拒食中浓度AFC₅₀/(mL/L)	2.72		2.26
R²	0.9370		0.9371

浓度/(mL/L)	24 h		48 h
浓度/(mL/L)	取食面积/cm²	非选择性拒食/%	取食面积/cm²	非选择性拒食/%
CK	8.09±0.38a	0f	15.02±0.59a	0e
1	5.64±0.33b	30.30±4.08e	10.17±0.45b	32.28±3.05d
2	5.33±0.20b	34.16±2.52e	9.54±0.38b	36.47±2.56d
5	4.47±0.30c	44.75±3.66d	7.71±0.58c	48.70±3.87c
10	2.94±0.22d	63.60±2.76c	5.10±0.41d	66.07±2.73b
20	2.61±0.18de	67.71±2.20bc	4.40±0.34d	70.73±2.27b
50	2.06±0.23ef	74.59±2.90ab	3.01±0.40e	79.93±2.65a
100	1.62±0.20f	80.02±2.50a	2.72±0.49e	81.91±2.65a
回归方程	y=0.7232x+4.4567		y=0.7509x+4.5166
拒食中浓度AFC₅₀/(mL/L)	5.64		4.4
R²	0.9694		0.9718

浓度/(mL/L)	24 h		48 h
浓度/(mL/L)	取食面积/cm²	非选择性拒食/%	取食面积/cm²	非选择性拒食/%
CK	8.09±0.38a	0f	15.02±0.59a	0e
1	5.64±0.33b	30.30±4.08e	10.17±0.45b	32.28±3.05d
2	5.33±0.20b	34.16±2.52e	9.54±0.38b	36.47±2.56d
5	4.47±0.30c	44.75±3.66d	7.71±0.58c	48.70±3.87c
10	2.94±0.22d	63.60±2.76c	5.10±0.41d	66.07±2.73b
20	2.61±0.18de	67.71±2.20bc	4.40±0.34d	70.73±2.27b
50	2.06±0.23ef	74.59±2.90ab	3.01±0.40e	79.93±2.65a
100	1.62±0.20f	80.02±2.50a	2.72±0.49e	81.91±2.65a
回归方程	y=0.7232x+4.4567		y=0.7509x+4.5166
拒食中浓度AFC₅₀/(mL/L)	5.64		4.4
R²	0.9694		0.9718

浓度/(mL/L)	处理	24 h			48 h
浓度/(mL/L)	处理	取食面积/cm²		选择性拒食率/%	取食面积/cm²		选择性拒食率/%
1	C	3.30±0.25^**		35.75±5.26e	6.16±0.38^**		34.51±2.73e
1	T	1.56±0.16		35.75±5.26e	2.99±0.19		34.51±2.73e
2	C	2.92±0.21^**		39.38±5.06de	4.88±0.30^**		38.85±4.53e
2	T	1.30±0.17		39.38±5.06de	2.19±0.22		38.85±4.53e
5	C	2.44±0.25^**		49.84±4.31d	3.91±0.24^**		54.00±2.55d
5	T	0.83±0.12		49.84±4.31d	1.18±0.11		54.00±2.55d
10	C	2.25±0.24^**		63.97±3.46c	3.22±0.26^**		67.54±2.05c
10	T	0.50±0.09		63.97±3.46c	0.64±0.09		67.54±2.05c
20	C	1.53±0.23^**		72.86±2.92bc	2.66±0.27^**		77.22±2.20b
20	T	0.24±0.04		72.86±2.92bc	0.36±0.06		77.22±2.20b
50	C	1.54±0.17^**		83.33±1.72ab	2.66±0.27^**		83.40±2.01ab
50	T	0.15±0.03		83.33±1.72ab	0.25±0.05		83.40±2.01ab
100	C	1.54±0.15^**		85.26±1.55a	2.52±0.28^**		86.56±2.20a
100	T	0.12±0.01		85.26±1.55a	0.17±0.02		86.56±2.20a
回归方程			y=0.7794x+4.5558			y=0.8251x+4.5458
拒食中浓AFC₅₀/(mL/L)			3.72			3.55
R²			0.9821			0.9751

杏壳木醋液对马铃薯瓢虫的非特异性作用

Non-Specific Effects of Apricot Shell Wood Vinegar Solution on Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata

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浓度/(mL/L)	处理	24 h		48 h
浓度/(mL/L)	处理	取食面积/cm²	选择性拒食率/%	取食面积/cm²	选择性拒食率/%
1	C	6.34±0.28^**	12.74±2.22e	12.83±0.55^**	14.24±1.43e
1	T	4.89±0.20	12.74±2.22e	9.61±0.36	14.24±1.43e
2	C	6.00±0.23^**	25.53±1.43d	12.27±0.50^**	25.87±2.02d
2	T	3.57±0.17	25.53±1.43d	7.23±0.35	25.87±2.02d
5	C	5.25±0.32^**	40.11±2.79c	10.29±0.85^**	39.88±2.36c
5	T	2.23±0.15	40.11±2.79c	4.45±0.45	39.88±2.36c
10	C	4.30±0.26^**	58.50±4.48b	7.91±0.56^**	55.12±5.21b
10	T	1.16±0.17	58.50±4.48b	2.38±0.39	55.12±5.21b
20	C	3.94±0.35^**	67.71±3.46ab	7.16±0.79^**	69.32±3.62a
20	T	0.78±0.12	67.71±3.46ab	1.34±0.25	69.32±3.62a
50	C	3.62±0.34^**	74.83±4.42a	7.00±0.68^**	75.42±3.22a
50	T	0.53±0.13	74.83±4.42a	1.00±0.19	75.42±3.22a
100	C	2.33±0.28^**	73.21±5.11a	4.55±0.48^**	77.57±4.45a
100	T	0.38±0.12	73.21±5.11a	0.62±0.21	77.57±4.45a
回归方程		y=0.9185x+4.0688		y =0.9471x+4.0679
拒食中浓度AFC₅₀/(mL/L)		10.32		9.64
R²		0.9240		0.9608

浓度/(mL/L)	处理	24 h		48 h
浓度/(mL/L)	处理	取食面积/cm²	选择性拒食率/%	取食面积/cm²	选择性拒食率/%
1	C	6.34±0.28^**	12.74±2.22e	12.83±0.55^**	14.24±1.43e
1	T	4.89±0.20	12.74±2.22e	9.61±0.36	14.24±1.43e
2	C	6.00±0.23^**	25.53±1.43d	12.27±0.50^**	25.87±2.02d
2	T	3.57±0.17	25.53±1.43d	7.23±0.35	25.87±2.02d
5	C	5.25±0.32^**	40.11±2.79c	10.29±0.85^**	39.88±2.36c
5	T	2.23±0.15	40.11±2.79c	4.45±0.45	39.88±2.36c
10	C	4.30±0.26^**	58.50±4.48b	7.91±0.56^**	55.12±5.21b
10	T	1.16±0.17	58.50±4.48b	2.38±0.39	55.12±5.21b
20	C	3.94±0.35^**	67.71±3.46ab	7.16±0.79^**	69.32±3.62a
20	T	0.78±0.12	67.71±3.46ab	1.34±0.25	69.32±3.62a
50	C	3.62±0.34^**	74.83±4.42a	7.00±0.68^**	75.42±3.22a
50	T	0.53±0.13	74.83±4.42a	1.00±0.19	75.42±3.22a
100	C	2.33±0.28^**	73.21±5.11a	4.55±0.48^**	77.57±4.45a
100	T	0.38±0.12	73.21±5.11a	0.62±0.21	77.57±4.45a
回归方程		y=0.9185x+4.0688		y =0.9471x+4.0679
拒食中浓度AFC₅₀/(mL/L)		10.32		9.64
R²		0.9240		0.9608