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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (23): 22-31.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0711

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于结构方程模型下滇中鲜食玉米耗水规律及其影响因素研究

薛杨1,2,3(), 李尤亮1,2,3(), 刘晓芳4, 张雷1,2,3, 成曦1,2   

  1. 1 云南省水土流失防治与绿色发展重点实验室,昆明 650228
    2 云南省水利水电科学研究院,昆明 650228
    3 高原立体气候条件作物需水云南省野外科学观测站,昆明 650228
    4 勐海县大型灌区管理局,云南西双版纳 666100
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-10 修回日期:2024-01-02 出版日期:2024-08-09 发布日期:2024-08-09
  • 通讯作者:
    李尤亮,男,1989年出生,云南华坪人,工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事农田水利方面的研究。通信地址:650228 云南省昆明市新闻路下段五家堆云南省水利水电科学研究院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    薛杨,男,1993年出生,青海西宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业水利工程和高原特色农作物节水灌溉研究。通信地址:650228 云南省昆明市新闻路下段五家堆云南省水利水电科学研究院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    科技人才与平台计划“高原立体气候条件作物需水云南省野外科学观测研究站”(202105AM070009); 云南省水资源费项目“云南省现代化灌溉节水技术示范应用”

The Study on Water Consumption Patterns and Influencing Factors of Fresh Corn in Central Yunnan Based on Structural Equation Modeling

XUE Yang1,2,3(), LI Youliang1,2,3(), LIU Xiaofang4, ZHANG Lei1,2,3, CHENG Xi1,2   

  1. 1 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Kunming 650228
    2 Yunnan Hydraulic Research Institute, Kunming 650228
    3 Water Demand of Crops under plateau three-dimensional climate Yunnan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Kunming 650228
    4 Large Irrigation Bureau of Meng Hai County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666100
  • Received:2023-10-10 Revised:2024-01-02 Published:2024-08-09 Online:2024-08-09

摘要:

旨在深入了解滇中高原地区鲜食玉米的生育期耗水量与规律,明确耗水量与其影响因素之间的关系,为鲜食玉米的推广种植和灌溉管理提供科学支持。进行了为期2年的鲜食玉米田间灌溉试验,参考农民种植经验管理试验小区,安装了自动气象站和土壤墒情自动观测设备,用于采集土壤墒情和气象数据。分析了鲜食玉米全生育期土壤水分动态、日耗水量和作物系数,同时研究了气象、土壤和作物因素对耗水量的影响。发现鲜食玉米在10~30 cm土层水分变化较大,生长后期根系吸水最深可达40 cm土层。2022—2023年鲜食玉米生育期耗水量分别为182.32 mm和175.84 mm,平均耗水强度分别为2.40 mm/d和2.31 mm/d。耗水量及强度在不同年份和生育阶段表现不同,2022年,由大到小表现为灌浆乳熟期>苗期>拔节期>抽雄吐丝期,而在2023年表现为抽雄吐丝期>灌浆乳熟期>拔节期>苗期。两年鲜食玉米全生育期Kc平均值分别为0.65和0.44,变化趋势随作物生长发育逐渐增大,在灌浆乳熟期达到峰值;土壤因素和气象因素对鲜食玉米耗水量存在路径系数为0.38、0.34的正相关关系,而鲜食玉米耗水量与作物生长特性存在路径系数-0.46的负相关关系。鲜食玉米耗水量较小,且受土壤和气象因素影像较大,本次研究结果为滇中地区鲜食玉米的灌溉定额和灌溉管理提供了科学依据。

关键词: 鲜食玉米, 土壤含水率, 耗水量, 作物系数, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

The study aims to comprehensively understand the water consumption and patterns of the growing period of fresh corn in the Dianzhong Plateau, clarifying the relationship between water consumption and its influencing factors, providing scientific support for the widespread cultivation and irrigation management of fresh corn. The Field irrigation experiments on fresh corn were carried out continuously for 2 years, referencing farmers' planting experience for experimental plots. Automatic weather stations and soil moisture observation devices were installed to collect soil moisture and meteorological data. The dynamics of soil water during the entire growth period of fresh corn, daily water consumption, and crop coefficients were analyzed. The impact of meteorological, soil, and crop factors on water consumption was also studied. It was found that there was significant variation in soil moisture in the 10~30 cm soil layer during the entire growth period of fresh corn. In the later stages of growth, the root system could absorb water from soil layers as deep as 40 cm. The water consumption during the growing season of fresh corn in 2022 and 2023 was 182.32 mm and 175.84 mm, with average water consumption intensities of 2.40 mm/day and 2.31 mm/day, respectively. Water consumption and intensity varied in different years and growth stages. In 2022, the order from highest to lowest was grain filling-milk ripening stage > seedling stage > jointing stage > tasseling stage, while in 2023, it was tasseling stage > grain filling-milk ripening stage > jointing stage > seedling stage. The average Kc values for the entire growth period of fresh corn in the two years were 0.65 and 0.44, with a trend of gradual increase with crop growth, reaching the peak during the grain filling-milk ripening stage. Soil and meteorological factors showed a positive correlation with water consumption, with path coefficients of 0.38 and 0.34, while water consumption and crop growth characteristics exhibited a negative correlation with a path coefficient of -0.46. The water consumption of fresh corn is relatively small and strongly influenced by soil and meteorological factors. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for irrigation quotas and irrigation management of fresh corn in the Dianzhong region.

Key words: fresh corn, soil moisture content, water consumption, crop coefficient, structural equation model