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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 92-101.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0664

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

保山烟区气候分布及对烟叶石油醚提取物与钾含量的影响

王政1(), 林跃平2, 沈广才2, 刘芮2, 刘久羽1, 彭博1, 贾海江1, 张晓龙3, 赵锦超3, 李晓婷3,4()   

  1. 1 广西中烟工业有限责任公司, 南宁 530000
    2 云南省烟草公司保山市公司, 云南保山 678000
    3 云南五佳生物科技有限公司, 昆明 650106
    4 云南农业职业技术学院, 昆明 650000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-07 修回日期:2026-03-16 出版日期:2026-06-12 发布日期:2026-06-12
  • 通讯作者:
    李晓婷,女,1983年出生,山西运城人,高级农艺师,博士研究生,主要从事植物营养与病害控制方面的研究。通信地址:650106 云南省昆明市五华区海源北路2299号 云南省高创园A座云南五佳生物科技有限公司,Tel:0871-63358998,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王政,男,1978年出生,广西南宁人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事烟叶原料品质分析方面的研究。通信地址:530001 广西南宁市西乡塘区北湖南路28号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“保山基地烤烟提钾技术研究与应用”(2022450000340038)

Climatic Distribution and Their Influence on Petroleum Ether Extract and Potassium Contents of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Baoshan Tobacco Growing Areas

WANG Zheng1(), LIN Yueping2, SHEN Guangcai2, LIU Rui2, LIU Jiuyu1, PENG Bo1, JIA Haijiang1, ZHANG Xiaolong3, ZHAO Jinchao3, LI Xiaoting3,4()   

  1. 1 China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000
    2 Baoshan Branch of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000
    3 Yunnan Wooja Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106
    4 Yunnan Vocational College of Agriculture, Kunming 650000
  • Received:2024-11-07 Revised:2026-03-16 Published:2026-06-12 Online:2026-06-12

摘要:

本研究利用2000—2020年保山烟区气象资料以及烤烟石油醚提取物和钾含量数据,采用数理统计方法,分析了该烟区气候要素的分布特征、烟叶石油醚提取物与钾含量的分布状况,以及主要影响气候因子,旨在为保山烟区积极应对气候变化,采取有效管理措施以提升烟叶钾和石油醚提取物含量提供理论依据。研究结果表明,20 a来,保山烟区大田期平均降水总量为978.83 mm、均温为19.16℃、平均总日照时数为882.77 h,均温较低。大田期降水总量呈现从西向东逐渐降低的趋势,月降雨量7月最高;日照时数从西向东则逐渐增加,月日照时数7月最低;同时均温主要在17~20℃间,腾冲零星分布低于17℃区域,月均温6月和8月均温达到高峰。保山烤烟中部与上部烟叶石油醚提取物平均含量分别为6.20%与6.21%,钾含量分别为2.00%与1.72%,均处于优质烟叶要求的下限水平。中部烟叶石油醚提取物以龙陵县含量最高,上部烟叶石油醚提取物呈中间高,四周低的状态;烟叶钾含量呈现从西到东先降低后升高的趋势。烟叶石油醚提取物与钾含量主要受降水量和日照时数影响,且8月日照时数和9月降水量分别对中部和上部烟叶石油醚提取物含量影响最显著,前者呈负效应,后者呈正效应;7月降水量与中部和上部烟叶钾含量呈显著正相关。因此,影响保山烟区烤烟钾和石油醚提取物含量的主要气候因子为不同月份的降水量。

关键词: 保山烟区, 烤烟, 气候因素, 石油醚提取物,

Abstract:

In order to clarify the impact of climate change on tobacco quality and enhance the potassium and petroleum ether extract content, the study analyzed the distribution characteristics of climate elements and the distribution of petroleum ether extract and potassium content in tobacco leaves, as well as the main influencing climate factors using mathematical statistical methods with metrological data in Baoshan tobacco growing area from 2000 to 2020 and the data of petroleum ether extract and potassium content of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the average precipitation during the field period in Baoshan tobacco growing area was 978.83 mm, the average temperature was 19.16℃, and the average total sunshine hours were 882.77 h, with a relatively low average temperature in the past 20 years. The total precipitation during the field period showed a gradually decreasing trend from west to east, with the highest monthly rainfall in July; the sunshine hours gradually increased from west to east, with the lowest monthly sunshine hours in July; at the same time, the average temperature was mainly between 17-20℃, with scattered areas below 17 ℃ in Tengchong, and the monthly average temperature reached its peak in June and August. The average content of petroleum ether extract in the middle and upper tobacco leaves of Baoshan was 6.20% and 6.21% respectively, and the potassium content was 2.00% and 1.72% respectively, both of which were within the lower limit of the requirements for high-quality tobacco leaves. The petroleum ether extract of central tobacco leaves was the highest in Longling County, while the petroleum ether extract of upper tobacco leaves was high in the middle and low in the surrounding areas; the potassium content in tobacco leaves showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from west to east. The petroleum ether extract and potassium content of tobacco leaves were mainly affected by precipitation and sunshine hours, and the sunshine hours in August and September had the most significant effects on the petroleum ether extract content of central and upper tobacco leaves, with August showing a negative effect and September showing a positive effect; The precipitation in July was significantly positively correlated with the potassium content of tobacco leaves in the central and upper parts. Therefore, the primary climate factors influencing the potassium and petroleum ether extract content of flue-cured tobacco are the precipitation levels across different months in Baoshan Area.

Key words: Baoshan tobacco-growing area, flue-cured tobacco, climate factors, petroleum ether extract, potassium

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