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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18): 138-142.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0711

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于GIS技术内蒙古自治区科右中旗水稻种植气候区划研究

孟庆霞(), 白宇轩, 张旭, 金瑞萌, 王文婧   

  1. 科右中旗气象局,内蒙古自治区科右中旗 029400
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-15 修回日期:2025-05-28 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-06
  • 作者简介:

    孟庆霞,女,1980年出生,内蒙古自治区扎赉特旗人,高级工程师,本科,研究方向:农业气象。通信地址:029400 科右中旗气象局,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目“科右中旗水稻品种气候区划”(nmqxkjcx202411)

Research on Climate Zoning of Rice Planting in Keyouzhongqi Banner of Inner Mongolia Based on GIS Technology

MENG Qingxia(), BAI Yuxuan, ZHANG Xu, JIN Ruimeng, WANG Wenjing   

  1. Keyouzhongqi Banner Meteorological Bureau, Keyouzhongqi Banner, Inner Mongolia 029400
  • Received:2024-11-15 Revised:2025-05-28 Published:2025-06-25 Online:2025-07-06

摘要:

在全球气候变暖背景下,内蒙古自治区科右中旗依据气候条件开展了水稻种植区划研究。本研究选取了与水稻生长关联度较高的三个气象要素作为区划因子,构建了该地区水稻种植的气候区划指标体系。基于 ArcGIS地理信息系统平台和数字高程模型(DEM),利用1991—2020年间科右中旗国家自动气象观测站及境内42个区域自动气象观测站的观测数据(包括≥10℃活动积温、无霜期和降水量),通过ArcGIS软件进行空间插值计算,得出区划指标的空间分布结果。据此,将科右中旗水稻种植气候区划分为适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区三类。适宜区:应优先选择生育期较长、产量潜力高的高产、优质、抗逆性强的中晚熟水稻品种。种植模式宜采用精耕细作和规模化生产,以提升种植效率。次适宜区:应着重选择耐旱、耐寒、耐瘠薄且适应性较强的中早熟或早熟水稻品种。种植模式可考虑节水灌溉技术或间作套种等方式,并积极发展生态农业。不适宜区:建议选择耐逆性强的水稻改良品种或高抗品种进行试种。对于部分确实不适宜水稻种植的区域,应实施水田改旱田措施,改种适宜的旱作作物。同时,需加强土地整治和土壤改良工作,逐步改善农业生产条件,并因地制宜发展畜牧业、林业等其他农业产业。区划结果可为当地优化水稻布局、选择适宜品种及制定科学种植策略提供重要依据。

关键词: ArcGIS, 水稻, 适宜性, 气候区划, 科右中旗, 空间插值

Abstract:

In the context of global climate change, the rice planting zoning in Keyouzhongqi Banner, Inner Mongolia was established. This article selected three highly correlated meteorological elements as zoning factors and developed climate zoning indicators for rice planting in Keyouzhongqi Banner. Based on ArcGIS geographic information system and digital elevation model, the observation data of accumulated temperature, frost free period, precipitation and other activities above 10℃ from the National Automatic Meteorological Observation Station and 42 regional automatic meteorological observation stations in Keyouzhongqi Banner from 1991 to 2020 were used. ArcGIS software was used to calculate spatial interpolation to obtain the spatial calculation conclusion of the zoning indicators. The rice planting meteorological area in Keyouzhongqi Banner was divided into three zones: suitable zone, sub suitable zone and unsuitable zone. Suitable areas should choose high-yielding, high-quality, and stress resistant mid to late maturing rice varieties with longer growth periods and high yield potential. The planting mode should adopt precision farming and large-scale planting to improve production efficiency; in the sub suitable areas, early maturing or mid maturing rice varieties with strong adaptability to drought, cold, and barrenness should be selected. The planting mode should adopt water-saving irrigation, intercropping, etc., and actively develop ecological agriculture; in unsuitable areas, rice varieties with strong stress tolerance or high resistance can be selected for improvement. In areas where rice cultivation is not suitable, measures such as converting paddy fields to dry fields can be taken to plant suitable crops. We should Strengthen land consolidation and soil improvement, gradually improve planting conditions, and develop other agricultural industries such as animal husbandry and forestry. The zoning results can provide an important basis for local optimization of rice layout, selection of suitable varieties and formulation of scientific planting strategies.

Key words: ArcGIS, rice, suitability, climate zoning, Keyouzhongqi Banner, spatial interpolation