小麦籽粒DON积累动态及其影响因素相关性分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0771

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15): 7-14.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0771

小麦籽粒DON积累动态及其影响因素相关性分析

陈宏州¹(), 张海波², 周晨², 朱友理³, 杨红福¹, 徐超¹, 郭晓萌¹, 朱凤⁴()

¹ 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所，江苏句容 212400
² 江苏省植物保护植物检疫站，南京 210036
³ 镇江市植保植检站，江苏镇江 212002
⁴ 江苏省绿色食品办公室，南京 210017

收稿日期:2024-12-19 修回日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-29
通讯作者:
朱凤，女，1979年出生，江苏宝应人，推广研究员，硕士，主要从事绿色优质农产品全产业链建设工作。通信地址：210017 江苏省南京市建邺区南湖路97号江苏省绿色食品办公室（江苏省农产品质量安全中心），Tel：025-86263340，E-mail：jszbczf@163.com。
作者简介:
陈宏州，男，1984年出生，广西宜州人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事杀菌剂抗药性监测与治理及作物病害绿色防控技术研究。通信地址：212400 江苏省句容市弘景路1号江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所，Tel：0511-80978079，E-mail：hongzc_2006@126.com。
基金资助:
2023年江苏省级农业公共服务专项“小麦赤霉病抗药性监测与风险评估”(2023-SJ-062); 2023年江苏省级农业公共服务专项“小麦赤霉病抗药性监测与风险评估”(1004); 镇江市“1+1+N”新型农业技术推广项目“小麦病虫草害减药增效防控技术集成与推广”(ZJNJ[2021]05); 镇江市重点研发计划“小麦DON毒素控制关键技术研发与应用”(SH2020008)

Wheat Grain Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation Dynamics and the Correlation Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

CHEN Hongzhou¹(), ZHANG Haibo², ZHOU Chen², ZHU Youli³, YANG Hongfu¹, XU Chao¹, GUO Xiaomeng¹, ZHU Feng⁴()

¹ Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Area of Jiangsu Province, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400
² Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036
³ Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002
⁴ Green Food Office of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017

Received:2024-12-19 Revised:2025-02-15 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-05-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探究田间自然发病条件下小麦籽粒脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)的积累动态及其与病穗率、病情指数和病粒率的相关性。研究于2023年和2024年分别对感病品种‘淮麦33’和中抗品种‘宁麦13’开展田间自然发病调查。从灌浆初期开始，持续监测至延迟收获期17 d和15 d，记录并分析病穗率、病情指数、千粒重和病粒率。同时，采用ELISA法检测籽粒DON含量，并对籽粒DON含量与病穗率、病情指数及病粒率进行相关性分析。结果表明，籽粒DON在赤霉病未显症的灌浆初期已积累，含量分别为237.99、182.95 ng/g。籽粒DON、病穗率、病情指数及病粒率在灌浆期均逐渐上升，至蜡熟期略有增长，到完熟期趋于稳定，延迟收获期无明显增长且与完熟期无显著差异。千粒重在灌浆期逐渐增加，到灌浆末期已基本达最大值。同一小麦品种中，籽粒DON含量与病穗率、病情指数及病粒率均呈正相关。本研究结果可为赤霉病及籽粒DON的绿色防控、农药减施增效以及保障农产品质量安全提供理论依据。

关键词: 小麦赤霉病, 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇, 积累动态, 病情指数, 赤霉病粒

Abstract:

In order to explore the accumulation dynamics of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat grain under field natural infected conditions and its correlation with disease spike rate, disease index, and percentage of fusarium damaged kernel, the disease spike rate, disease index, thousand grain weight, and percentage of fusarium damaged kernel of susceptible cultivar 'Huaimai 33' and moderately resistant cultivar 'Ningmai 13' from the early filling stage to the delayed harvest stage of 17 days and 15 days had been investigated by field natural infected in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Meanwhile, the DON content in grain had been detected by using ELISA method, and correlation analysis between the DON content in grain and disease spike rate, disease index, and percentage of fusarium damaged kernel had been conducted, respectively. The results showed that DON in grain had accumulated at the early filling stage before the appearance of fusarium head blight symptoms, and the DON content in grain were 237.99 and 182.95 ng/g, respectively. The DON in grain, disease spike rate, disease index, and percentage of fusarium damaged kernel gradually increased during the filling stage, showed slight increases during the dough stage, and tended to be stable during the complete ripe stage. No significant increases were observed during the delayed harvest stage, with no significant differences compared to the complete ripe stage. The thousand grain weight gradually increased during the filling stage, and had basically reached the maximum value by the end of the filling stage. For the same wheat cultivar, positive correlations were found between the DON content in grain and disease spike rate, disease index, and percentage of fusarium damaged kernel. The results of this study provided theoretical basis for the green prevention and control of fusarium head blight and DON in grain, as well as for reducing pesticide application, improving efficiency, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products.

Key words: fusarium head blight, deoxynivalenol (DON), accumulation dynamic, disease index, fusarium damaged kernel

陈宏州, 张海波, 周晨, 朱友理, 杨红福, 徐超, 郭晓萌, 朱凤. 小麦籽粒DON积累动态及其影响因素相关性分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(15): 7-14.

CHEN Hongzhou, ZHANG Haibo, ZHOU Chen, ZHU Youli, YANG Hongfu, XU Chao, GUO Xiaomeng, ZHU Feng. Wheat Grain Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation Dynamics and the Correlation Analysis of Its Influencing Factors[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(15): 7-14.

图/表 5

参考文献 31

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编号	调查及取样时间(月/日)	生育期	病穗率/%	病情指数	千粒重/g	病粒率/%	DON/(ng/g)
1	4/29	灌浆期	0.00 h	0.00 i	6.27 i	0.00 e	237.99 de
2	5/2		0.75 h	0.11hi	10.45 h	0.00 e	181.90 e
3	5/5		2.83 g	0.47 h	14.10 g	0.00 e	158.71 e
4	5/8		4.99 f	0.91 g	21.83 f	2.00 de	442.31 cd
5	5/11		11.46 e	2.08 f	26.98 e	2.33 d	648.92 bc
6	5/14		18.62 d	3.39 e	30.12 d	2.67 cd	665.63 b
7	5/17		22.15 c	3.89 d	37.83 c	3.33 bcd	1464.55a
8	5/20		24.19 b	4.38 c	40.58 b	4.67 abc	1368.79 a
9	5/23		23.86 b	4.47 bc	43.88 a	5.33 ab	1440.68 a
10	5/26	蜡熟期	25.14 ab	4.62 abc	43.33 ab	3.33 bcd	1463.29 a
11	5/29	蜡熟期	25.79 a	4.88 ab	42.63 ab	4.00 abcd	1401.31 a
12	6/1	完熟期	26.18 a	4.74 abc	42.93 ab	4.67 abc	1339.24 a
13	6/4	延迟收获期	26.01 a	4.86 abc	43.27 ab	5.33 ab	1364.86 a
14	6/7		25.21 ab	4.65 abc	43.70 a	4.67 abc	1411.27 a
15	6/10		26.55 a	4.99 a	43.87 a	5.33 ab	1528.20 a
16	6/13		25.76 a	4.78 abc	43.65 a	6.00 a	1547.20 a
17	6/16		25.87 a	4.77 abc	43.53 a	4.67 abc	1389.27 a
18	6/19		26.32 a	4.91 ab	42.68 ab	5.33 ab	1542.53 a

编号	调查及取样时间(月/日)	生育期	病穗率/%	病情指数	千粒重/g	病粒率/%	DON/(ng/g)
1	4/29	灌浆期	0.00 h	0.00 i	6.27 i	0.00 e	237.99 de
2	5/2		0.75 h	0.11hi	10.45 h	0.00 e	181.90 e
3	5/5		2.83 g	0.47 h	14.10 g	0.00 e	158.71 e
4	5/8		4.99 f	0.91 g	21.83 f	2.00 de	442.31 cd
5	5/11		11.46 e	2.08 f	26.98 e	2.33 d	648.92 bc
6	5/14		18.62 d	3.39 e	30.12 d	2.67 cd	665.63 b
7	5/17		22.15 c	3.89 d	37.83 c	3.33 bcd	1464.55a
8	5/20		24.19 b	4.38 c	40.58 b	4.67 abc	1368.79 a
9	5/23		23.86 b	4.47 bc	43.88 a	5.33 ab	1440.68 a
10	5/26	蜡熟期	25.14 ab	4.62 abc	43.33 ab	3.33 bcd	1463.29 a
11	5/29	蜡熟期	25.79 a	4.88 ab	42.63 ab	4.00 abcd	1401.31 a
12	6/1	完熟期	26.18 a	4.74 abc	42.93 ab	4.67 abc	1339.24 a
13	6/4	延迟收获期	26.01 a	4.86 abc	43.27 ab	5.33 ab	1364.86 a
14	6/7		25.21 ab	4.65 abc	43.70 a	4.67 abc	1411.27 a
15	6/10		26.55 a	4.99 a	43.87 a	5.33 ab	1528.20 a
16	6/13		25.76 a	4.78 abc	43.65 a	6.00 a	1547.20 a
17	6/16		25.87 a	4.77 abc	43.53 a	4.67 abc	1389.27 a
18	6/19		26.32 a	4.91 ab	42.68 ab	5.33 ab	1542.53 a

编号	调查及取样时间(月/日)	生育期	病穗率/%	病情指数	千粒重/g	病粒率/%	DON/(ng/g)
1	4/26	灌浆期	0.00 h	0.00 g	15.82 l	0.00 e	182.95 g
2	4/29		0.32 gh	0.05 g	21.20 k	0.00 e	193.71 g
3	5/2		1.24 g	0.18 g	24.15 j	0.00 e	212.33 g
4	5/5		3.75 f	0.74 f	29.08 i	0.67 de	338.39 g
5	5/8		5.98 e	1.21 e	33.40 h	1.33 de	467.41 fg
6	5/11		9.59 d	1.96 d	35.88 g	2.00 cde	559.14 efg
7	5/14		11.51 c	2.53 c	37.65 f	2.67 bcd	733.70 def
8	5/17		12.35 bc	2.91 bc	38.97 e	3.67 abc	905.67 cde
9	5/20		13.20 ab	3.22 ab	40.18 cd	4.33 ab	963.99 bcd
10	5/23	蜡熟期	13.23 ab	3.29 ab	41.40 abcd	4.00 abc	992.17 abcd
11	5/26		13.38 ab	3.24 ab	42.18 a	5.00 a	1194.11 abc
12	5/29		13.78 a	3.44 a	41.53 abc	5.33 a	1113.85 abc
13	6/1	完熟期（收获期）	13.45 ab	3.31 ab	41.52 abc	4.00 abc	1091.53 abcd
14	6/4	延迟收获期	12.68 ab	3.04 ab	41.88 ab	3.67 abc	1260.86 abc
15	6/7		13.21 ab	3.21 ab	41.70 ab	4.67 ab	1318.86 ab
16	6/10		13.62 a	3.26 ab	40.64 bcd	5.00 a	1371.83 a
17	6/13		13.03 ab	3.13 ab	41.16 abcd	4.00 abc	1288.19 abc
18	6/16		13.82 a	3.39 a	40.72 bcd	4.67 ab	1149.95 abc

编号	调查及取样时间(月/日)	生育期	病穗率/%	病情指数	千粒重/g	病粒率/%	DON/(ng/g)
1	4/26	灌浆期	0.00 h	0.00 g	15.82 l	0.00 e	182.95 g
2	4/29		0.32 gh	0.05 g	21.20 k	0.00 e	193.71 g
3	5/2		1.24 g	0.18 g	24.15 j	0.00 e	212.33 g
4	5/5		3.75 f	0.74 f	29.08 i	0.67 de	338.39 g
5	5/8		5.98 e	1.21 e	33.40 h	1.33 de	467.41 fg
6	5/11		9.59 d	1.96 d	35.88 g	2.00 cde	559.14 efg
7	5/14		11.51 c	2.53 c	37.65 f	2.67 bcd	733.70 def
8	5/17		12.35 bc	2.91 bc	38.97 e	3.67 abc	905.67 cde
9	5/20		13.20 ab	3.22 ab	40.18 cd	4.33 ab	963.99 bcd
10	5/23	蜡熟期	13.23 ab	3.29 ab	41.40 abcd	4.00 abc	992.17 abcd
11	5/26		13.38 ab	3.24 ab	42.18 a	5.00 a	1194.11 abc
12	5/29		13.78 a	3.44 a	41.53 abc	5.33 a	1113.85 abc
13	6/1	完熟期（收获期）	13.45 ab	3.31 ab	41.52 abc	4.00 abc	1091.53 abcd
14	6/4	延迟收获期	12.68 ab	3.04 ab	41.88 ab	3.67 abc	1260.86 abc
15	6/7		13.21 ab	3.21 ab	41.70 ab	4.67 ab	1318.86 ab
16	6/10		13.62 a	3.26 ab	40.64 bcd	5.00 a	1371.83 a
17	6/13		13.03 ab	3.13 ab	41.16 abcd	4.00 abc	1288.19 abc
18	6/16		13.82 a	3.39 a	40.72 bcd	4.67 ab	1149.95 abc

小麦籽粒DON积累动态及其影响因素相关性分析

Wheat Grain Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation Dynamics and the Correlation Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

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[1]	郭皓祯, 周华众, 邓春林, 李艳, 杨立军, 龚双军. Glarea lozoyensis P1的分离鉴定及其对小麦赤霉病抑菌降毒效果[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(12): 107-112.
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[4]	陈宏州, 王兵兵, 王陈斌, 张新建, 杨红福, 徐超, 张建华, 朱凤. 丙硫菌唑与丙环唑混剂对小麦赤霉病菌的联合毒力及田间防效[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(2): 114-120.
[5]	吴晓丽, 李朝苏, 刘淼, 李明, 李式昭, 熊涛, 汤永禄. 耕作方式和药剂处理对小麦产量和赤霉病发生的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(16): 13-20.
[6]	陈宏州, 王兵兵, 张新建, 杨红福, 徐超, 缪康, 张建华, 朱凤. 苯醚菌酯与戊唑醇混剂对小麦赤霉病菌的联合毒力及田间防效[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(30): 132-137.
[7]	庄东英, 殷敏, 耿安红, 李卫国, 崔必波. 基于HJ卫星的冬小麦白粉病监测研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(28): 137-141.
[8]	姜佳, 陈金鹏, 魏江桥, 郭旭昊, 车志平, 田月娥, 陈根强, 刘圣明. 咯菌腈与戊唑醇复配对小麦赤霉病菌的增效作用研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(6): 116-120.
[9]	杨红福, 吴佳文, 陈源, 张建华. 江苏小麦赤霉病防控药剂有效性监测研究分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(15): 139-143.
[10]	王欣, 马俊祥, 滕泽宇, 王柏, 陈智文, 张清. 春玉米农艺性状及养分积累动态对水溶肥管理的响应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(13): 13-19.
[11]	何烈干, 邹芬, 胡铭, 熊水平, 马辉刚. 不同辣椒材料对疫病的抗性研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(34): 110-116.
[12]	伍文宪, 张蕾, 黄小琴, 杨潇湘, 刘勇. 成都平原主栽大白菜品种根肿病抗性的鉴定[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(10): 127-132.
[13]	乔志文. 高抗褐斑病性和含糖率甜菜品种田间鉴定[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(7): 123-127.
[14]	洪波,杨苗苗,刘晨,张锋,陈志杰,李英梅. TY病毒病与番茄叶片金属元素含量的关系研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(6): 89-95.
[15]	陆宁海,杨蕊,郎剑锋,吴利民,张强,霍云凤,石明旺,陈锡岭. 秸秆还田对土壤微生物种群数量及小麦茎基腐病的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(34): 102-108.