欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18): 65-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0074

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

栽培方式对空心菜生长和品质的影响

文俊丽1(), 陈琴1, 郭元元2, 张力2, 李洋1, 康德贤2, 宋焕忠1(), 陈振东1,2()   

  1. 1 广西农业科学院,南宁 530007
    2 广西农业科学院花卉研究所,南宁 530007
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06 修回日期:2025-05-22 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-06
  • 通讯作者:
    陈振东,男,1978年出生,广西南宁人,研究员,博士,研究方向为设施蔬菜遗传育种与栽培。通信地址:530007 广西南宁市西乡塘区大学东路174号广西农业科学院花卉所,Tel:0771-3246421,E-mail:
    宋焕忠,男,1976年出生,广西南宁人,副研究员,本科,研究方向:蔬菜遗传育种与栽培。通信地址:530007 广西南宁市西乡塘区大学东路174号 广西农业科学院花卉所,Tel:0771-3246421,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    文俊丽,女,1975年出生,广西南宁人,高级农艺师,本科,研究方向:设施蔬菜遗传育种与栽培。通信地址:530007 广西南宁市西乡塘区大学东路174号 广西农业科学院花卉所,Tel:0771-3246421,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西壮族自治区科技重大专项“设施蔬菜适用丰产良种引育与示范推广”(桂科AA23062048); 广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项“设施蔬菜研究团队”(桂农科2021YT101); 广西农业科技自筹经费项目“蔬菜设施生态环境搭建与高效栽培技术创新示范”(Z2024080); 广西重点研发计划项目“中国-菲律宾蔬菜科技合作—设施蔬菜周年高效生产技术模式研发与示范”(桂科AB24010162); 广西农业科技创新联盟“设施与休闲农业产业科技先锋队”(桂农科盟202512)

Effects of Cultivation Methods on Growth and Quality of Water Spinach

WEN Junli1(), CHEN Qin1, GUO Yuanyuan2, ZHANG Li2, LI Yang1, KANG Dexian2, SONG Huanzhong1(), CHEN Zhendong1,2()   

  1. 1 Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
    2 Flower Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
  • Received:2025-02-06 Revised:2025-05-22 Published:2025-06-25 Online:2025-07-06

摘要:

为研究不同栽培方式对不同品种空心菜生长和品质产生的影响,以‘大叶白骨’、‘中叶青骨柳叶’和‘博白空心菜’为试验材料,探究设施大棚土壤栽培、珍珠岩基质栽培、水培和育苗盘漂浮4种栽培方式对空心菜生长态势和品质特性的影响效果。结果表明:在生长速度方面,3个空心菜品种皆在育苗盘漂浮栽培条件下呈现出最快的株高生长速率。相较于土壤栽培,该方式能将播种至首次采收时间缩短21~24 d。前期,育苗盘漂浮栽培的采收间隔最短;而后期,珍珠岩基质栽培的采收间隔具优势。在植株形态方面,3个品种主蔓粗在土培与珍珠岩栽培条件下无显著差异,但显著高于水培和漂浮栽培。叶片长、叶柄长和叶片数量均表现为土培最大,其次为珍珠岩基质栽培。在品质特性方面,土培条件下的空心菜维生素C和纤维素含量较高,但可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量较低;珍珠岩栽培条件下,空心菜的可溶性蛋白和干物率较高而维生素C含量较低;水培条件下,空心菜的可溶性糖和叶绿素含量较高。综合分析来看,空心菜不同栽培方式下的品质表现存在差异,具体顺序为珍珠岩基质栽培>水培>土培>育苗盘漂浮栽培。虽然从生长速度方面考量,空心菜在育苗盘漂浮栽培条件下生长最快,但从品质角度而言,珍珠岩基质栽培的空心菜品质最优。

关键词: 空心菜, 栽培方式, 生长速率, 采收时间, 营养品质, 综合评价

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different cultivation methods on the growth and quality of different varieties of water spinach, ‘Daye baigu’, ‘Zhongye qingguliuye’ and ‘Bobai kongxincai’ were used as experimental materials to explore the effects of soil cultivation, perlite substrate cultivation, hydroponics, and floating cultivation of seedling trays methods in facilities. The results showed that all three varieties of water spinach had the fastest plant height growth rate under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions, which could shorten the time from sowing to first harvest by 21-24 days compared to soil cultivation. In the early stage, the harvesting interval under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions was the shortest, while in the later stage, the harvesting interval of perlite substrate cultivation had an advantage. The main stem thickness showed no significant difference between soil and perlite cultivation conditions in all three varieties, but was both significantly higher than those under hydroponic and floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions. The leaf length, petiole length, and number of leaves were the highest in soil cultivation, followed by perlite cultivation. Under soil cultivation conditions, the content of vitamin C and cellulose were higher, while the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein were lower. Under perlite cultivation conditions, the content of soluble protein and dry matter were higher, while the content of vitamin C was lower. Under hydroponic conditions, the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were higher. The comprehensive quality was shown as perlite substrate cultivation > hydroponic > soil cultivation > floating cultivation of seedling trays. Water spinach grew fastest under floating cultivation of seedling trays conditions, and had the best quality under perlite substrate cultivation conditions.

Key words: water spinach, cultivation method, growth rate, harvest time, nutritional quality, comprehensive evaluation