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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (17): 38-44.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0558

• 生物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

18份谷子种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析及综合评价

叶开梅(), 陈维, 任明刚, 吴家丽, 何大智, 牛力立()   

  1. 安顺市农业科学院,贵州安顺 561000
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02 修回日期:2024-11-15 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 通讯作者:
    牛力立,女,1985年出生,贵州镇宁人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事薯芋类品种选育及配套栽培技术方面的研究。通信地址:562109 贵州省安顺市普定县白岩镇魏白路 安顺市农业科学院,Tel:0851-38645199,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    叶开梅,女,1994年出生,贵州湄潭人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事作物品种选育及生理栽培技术方面的研究。通信地址:562109 贵州省安顺市普定县白岩镇魏白路 安顺市农业科学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动(19191192)

Phenotypic Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of 18 Millet Germplasm

YE Kaimei(), CHEN Wei, REN Minggang, WU Jiali, HE Dazhi, NIU Lili()   

  1. Anshun Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anshun, Guizhou 561000
  • Received:2024-09-02 Revised:2024-11-15 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-06-15

摘要:

本研究旨在为谷子育种优势互补亲本的选择提供理论依据,加速谷子新品种的选育进程。通过对18份不同地理来源的谷子种质资源进行表型性状分析、遗传多样性评估及综合评价,揭示其遗传变异规律。结果表明,与产量相关性状(主穗长、穗粗、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重)变异系数均超过35%,遗传多样性指数(H′)达2.3570~2.7073(均值2.5793),表明资源遗传基础丰富。主成分分析构建综合评价模型显示,资源F综合值为0.1630~2.2201,其中本地种质资源F综合值表现显著优于省外资源(P<0.05),这可能与区域适应性有关。聚类分析将18份谷子种质资源划分为2个类群,其分布与地理来源基本一致,且表型性状表现出互补优势。最终筛选出‘西秀本地小米1号’、‘本地糯小米’、‘西秀本地小米2号’3份综合性状优异的种质。研究表明,18份种质资源遗传多样性丰富,类群划分与地理来源吻合,可为优化当地种质资源遗传多样性提供材料支撑。

关键词: 谷子种质资源, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 主成分分析, 综合评价, 聚类分析

Abstract:

This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of complementary parental lines in millet breeding and accelerate the breeding of new millet varieties. A total of 18 millet germplasm resources collected from various regions were investigated to explore the variation patterns of genetic diversity in phenotypic traits and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of these germplasm resources. The 18 millet germplasm resources showed abundant genetic diversity. For the phenotypic traits related to yield, including main panicle length, panicle diameter, single panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, and 1000-grain weight, the coefficients of variation were all greater than 35%.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) values ranged from 2.3570 to 2.7073 with an average of 2.5793. By calculating the comprehensive value of principal component F, the F-comprehensive values of each resource ranged from 0.1630 to 2.2201. Notably, the F-comprehensive values of the locally collected resources were generally higher than those from other provinces, which may be attributed to regional adaptability. Cluster analysis successfully classified the 18 millet germplasm resources into two groups. The distribution of these groups was basically consistent with their geographical origins, and the phenotypic traits within the groups exhibited complementary advantages. The phenotypic traits of the 18 local millet germplasm resources demonstrated rich genetic diversity. Through principal component analysis, three materials with excellent comprehensive performance, namely ‘Xixiu Local Millet No. 1’, ‘Local Glutinous Millet’, and ‘Xixiu Local Millet No. 2’, were screened out. The results showed that the genetic diversity of 18 germplasm resources was rich, and the classification of groups was consistent with the geographical origin, which could provide material support for optimizing the genetic diversity of local germplasm resources.

Key words: millet germplasm resources, phenotypic traits, genetic diversity, principal component analysis, comprehensive assessment, cluster analysis