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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (22): 7-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0107

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥方式对糯玉米产量品质、土壤肥力及经济效益的影响

韩成卫1,2(), 郝福庭1, 付贵林1, 薛法新1, 张岩1, 宋春林1,2, 吴秋平1,2, 蒋飞1,2()   

  1. 1 济宁市农业科学研究院，山东济宁 272031
    2 国家玉米产业技术体系济宁综合试验站，山东济宁 272031
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-12 修回日期:2025-05-30 出版日期:2025-08-05 发布日期:2025-08-11
  • 通讯作者:
    蒋飞，男，1974年出生，山东泗水人，正高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向：玉米遗传育种及高产栽培技术。通信地址：272031 山东省济宁市济岱路9号，Tel：0537-2032481，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    韩成卫，男，1979年出生，山东济宁人，高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向：玉米高产高效生态生理理论与技术。通信地址：272031 山东省济宁市济岱路9号，Tel：0537-2032481，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金“国家玉米产业技术体系济宁综合试验站”(CARS-02-62); 山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）项目“两大玉米核心种质群轮回改良与突破性种质创制”(2022LZGC019)

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield and Quality of Waxy Corn, Soil Fertility and Economic Benefits

HAN Chengwei1,2(), HAO Futing1, FU Guilin1, XUE Faxin1, ZHANG Yan1, SONG Chunlin1,2, WU Qiuping1,2, JIANG Fei1,2()   

  1. 1 Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, Shandong 272031
    2 Jining Comprehensive Experimental Station of the National Corn Industry Technology System, Jining, Shandong 272031
  • Received:2025-02-12 Revised:2025-05-30 Published:2025-08-05 Online:2025-08-11

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摘要：

为破解鲜食糯玉米生产中因不合理施肥导致的籽粒品质下降与土壤质量下降难题，本研究以糯玉米新品种‘济糯23’为材料，通过田间试验系统评估5种施肥模式对糯玉米产量、营养品质、土壤肥力及经济效益的综合效应。结果表明，不同施肥处理在促进玉米生长与改良土壤方面的协同增效效果差异显著。综合效益排序为有机无机配施（鸡粪+NPK）>控释专用肥>高氮复合肥>单施尿素>不施肥对照(CK)。与CK相比，各施肥处理平均增产12.1%~32.5%。其中，有机无机配施模式（鸡粪+NPK）展现出最优的农艺性状，显著提升了土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量，有效优化了玉米穗部性状（增加穗长和穗粒数，减少秃尖），明显改善了糯玉米的风味与核心营养品质。具体而言，相较于单施尿素处理，该模式下，单穗重提高13.7%，鲜穗产量增加18.2%；籽粒粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗淀粉、可溶性固形物和赖氨酸含量分别显著提高21.2%、8.3%、15.5%、29.8%和10.3%；实现净增收4518.9元/hm2。试验证实，鸡粪有机肥与高氮复合肥配施能有效协调糯玉米产量形成、品质提升与土壤地力的关系，为山东省糯玉米绿色高效生产提供了一套兼具增产、提质、培肥和增效功能的肥料优化方案与农艺调控策略。

关键词: 糯玉米, 施肥方式, 产量, 营养品质, 土壤肥力, 经济效益

Abstract:

To address the issues of declining grain quality and deteriorating soil chemical properties caused by irrational fertilization practices in waxy corn production, a field experiment was conducted using the new waxy corn cultivar ‘Jinuo 23’ to investigate the synergistic effects of five fertilization methods on yield formation, nutritional quality, soil fertility and economic benefits. The results indicated significant variations in the synergistic mechanisms of different fertilization treatments on maize growth and soil improvement, with comprehensive fertilizer efficiency ranking as followed: organic-inorganic combined application (chicken manure+NPK)> controlled-release specialized fertilizer> high-nitrogen compound fertilizer> urea-only application> no-fertilization control (CK). Compared with CK, all fertilization treatments increased yield by 12.1%-32.5%, with the organic-inorganic combined regime (chicken manure+NPK) exhibiting optimal agronomic regulation effects. This treatment significantly enhanced soil organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium content, improved ear traits (increased ear length and kernel number per ear while reducing barren tip length), and elevated both flavor and nutritional quality. This treatment increased single ear weight by 13.7% and fresh ear yield by 18.2% compared with urea-only treatment, with respective increments of 21.2%, 8.3%, 15.5%, 29.8% and 10.3% observed in crude protein, crude fat, crude starch, soluble solids and lysine contents. This approach generated an additional net profit of 4518.9 yuan/hm2. Under the experimental conditions, the combined application of chicken manure and high-nitrogen compound fertilizer effectively coordinated the interactions among yield, quality and soil fertility in waxy corn production. The revealed synergistic mechanisms provide a reliable fertilization strategy and agronomic regulation approach for green and efficient waxy corn production in Shandong Province.

Key words: waxy corn, fertilization methods, yield, nutritional quality, soil fertility, economic benefits