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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (23): 111-116.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0124

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    

植保无人机不同用水量对水稻纹枯病防治效果的影响

王艳秋(), 顾啸, 周成, 冒慧颖, 陈勇()   

  1. 上海市松江区农业技术推广中心，上海 201600
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-06-15 出版日期:2025-08-19 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 通讯作者:
    陈勇，男，1976年出生，上海松江人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事农业技术推广工作。通信地址：201600 上海市松江区中二路1999号 上海市松江区农业技术推广中心，Tel：0215-7866070，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王艳秋，女，1988年出生，江苏大丰人，农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事水稻病虫害防治技术的研究和推广工作。通信地址：201600上海市松江区中二路1999号，Tel：0215-7866007，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    上海市现代农业产业技术体系项目“上海市水稻产业技术体系建设项目”(沪农科产字（2025）第3号); 上海市农业科技创新项目“重组酶聚合酶扩增(RPA)在优质水稻香味提纯复壮中的应用研究”（沪农科(T2023325)

Influence of Water Application Volumes of Plant Protection UAV on Control Efficacy of Rice Sheath Blight

WANG Yanqiu(), GU Xiao, ZHOU Cheng, MAO Huiying, CHEN Yong()   

  1. Shanghai Songjiang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shanghai 201600
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-06-15 Published:2025-08-19 Online:2025-08-19

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摘要：

为优化植保无人机施药参数，本研究系统评估不同用水量对水稻纹枯病防治效果及经济效益的影响，旨在为无人机精准施药提供科学依据。研究采用大疆T40无人机，于2023—2024年在上海松江区开展田间试验，设置30、45、67.5 L/hm2 3个用水量梯度，分别在水稻拔节期和穗期施药，监测病株防效和病情指数防效。（1）拔节期：各梯度防效无显著差异（病株防效85.57%~87.68%；病指防效89.86%~91.34%）；（2）穗期：30 L/hm²防效均显著低于其他梯度(P<0.05)，45 L/hm2与67.5 L/hm2防效均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2023年病株防效79.71%~91.99%，病指防效89.47%~94.95%；2024年施药后7 d病株防效78.86%~95.01%，病指防效85.30%~94.93%；施药后15 d病株防效73.17%~93.12%，病指防效77.38%~92.46%。（3）经济效益：作业效率随用水量增加呈下降趋势(30 L:4.0 hm2/h→67.5 L:2.67 hm2/h)，防治成本随用水量增加提升71.4%（1050→1800元/次）。建议差异化用水量策略：拔节期用水量对防效影响不显著，采用30 L/hm2（兼顾效率与成本）；穗期用水量对防效有显著影响，优选45 L/hm2（平衡防效与经济性）。

关键词: 植保无人机, 用水量, 水稻, 纹枯病, 拔节期, 穗期, 田间防效, 精准施药

Abstract:

To optimize the pesticide application parameters of plant protection drones, this study systematically evaluated the effects of different water application rates on the control efficacy against rice sheath blight and the economic benefits, aiming to provide a scientific basis for precise drone-based pesticide application. Using the DJI T40 drone, field experiments were conducted in Songjiang District, Shanghai, from 2023 to 2024. Three water application rate gradients (30, 45, and 67.5 L/hm2) were set, with pesticides applying at the jointing and heading stages of rice, and the control efficacy in terms of diseased plant rate and disease index was monitored. (1) At the jointing stage, there were no significant differences in control efficacy among the gradients (diseased plant control efficacy: 85.57%-87.68%; disease index control efficacy: 89.86%-91.34%). (2) At the heading stage, the control efficacy at 30 L/hm2 was significantly lower than that at other gradients (P< 0.05), while there was no significant difference between 45 L/hm2 and 67.5 L/hm2 (P>0.05). In 2023, the diseased plant control efficacy ranged from 79.71% to 91.99%, and the disease index control efficacy ranged from 89.47% to 94.95%. In 2024, 7 days after pesticide application, the diseased plant control efficacy was 78.86%-95.01%, and the disease index control efficacy was 85.30%-94.93%; 15 days after application, the diseased plant control efficacy was 73.17%-93.12%, and the disease index control efficacy was 77.38%-92.46%. (3) In terms of economic benefits, the operation efficiency showed a decreasing trend with the increase of water application rate (30L: 4.0 hm2 /h→67.5 L: 2.67 hm2 /h), and the control cost increased by 71.4% with the increase of water application rate (from 1050 to 1800 yuan per application). A differentiated water application strategy is recommended: since the water application rate at the jointing stage has no significant impact on the control efficacy, 30 L/hm2 is recommended (balancing efficiency and cost); as the water application rate at the heading stage has a significant impact on the control efficacy, 45 L/hm2 is preferred (balancing control efficacy and economy).

Key words: plant protection UAV, water application volume, rice, sheath blight, jointing stage, heading stage, field efficacy, precision spraying