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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (26): 95-116.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0132

• 工程·机械·水利·装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

设施电动农机装备关键技术与发展趋势

黄薛凯1(), 汪小旵1,2(), 施印炎1,2, 郑金明1, 林乐彬1, 胡绍炫1   

  1. 1 南京农业大学工学院， 南京 210031
    2 江苏省现代设施农业技术与装备工程试验室， 南京 210031
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17 修回日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2025-10-12 发布日期:2025-10-12
  • 通讯作者:
    汪小旵，男，1968年出生，安徽怀宁人，教授，博士，研究方向：农业机器人，农业装备智能化控制。通信地址：210031江苏省南京市浦口区点将台路40号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    黄薛凯，男，1997年出生，江苏启东人，博士研究生，研究方向：农业机器人，农业装备智能化控制。通信地址：210031江苏省南京市浦口区点将台路40号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“新能源园艺作业动力机械创制开发”(2023YFD2000304); 国家重点研发计划项目“新能源园艺作业动力机械创制开发”(2023YFD2000305-04); 2024甘肃省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目“北斗智能果园综合管理机熟化定型项目”(6-1)

Key Technologies and Development Trends of Electric Agricultural Machinery and Equipment for Facility Agriculture

HUANG Xuekai1(), WANG Xiaochan1,2(), SHI Yinyan1,2, ZHENG Jinming1, LIN Lebin1, HU Shaoxuan1   

  1. 1 College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031
    2 Jiangsu Province Engineering Lab for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, Nanjing 210031
  • Received:2025-02-17 Revised:2025-04-17 Published:2025-10-12 Online:2025-10-12

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摘要：

随着中国设施农业规模的不断扩大，电动农机的研究与应用已成为农业领域的热点，机械化与智能化成为现代设施农业发展的重要趋势。本研究旨在对设施电动农机装备进行综合梳理，分析其技术特点、应用领域及研究进展，并针对当前发展中的短板提出改进建议，以推动中国设施电动农机装备的进一步发展与产业完善。本研究通过综述现有研究成果，系统剖析智能化设施电动农机装备的生产体系，重点探讨电池系统能量管理技术、轮毂电机高效驱动技术、多动力输出协同控制技术、电驱底盘稳定行走技术、环境感知自动导航技术以及多机协同作业技术等6项关键共性技术。同时结合当前在动力电池、电驱系统、环境感知、姿态控制等方面的发展短板，提出优化方向。研究表明，设施电动农机装备通过自动化和智能化技术，能够高效执行种植、收获、喷药、施肥、除草等多项任务，显著提升了农业生产的效率、准确性和可持续性。然而在动力电池续航能力、电驱系统稳定性、环境感知精度及姿态控制等方面仍存在技术瓶颈，制约了其进一步推广应用。为加快中国设施电动农机装备的发展与产业完善，本研究从农机农艺融合、产学研用一体化、多学科交叉融合、共性关键技术突破、基础配套设施建设及标准体系构建等角度提出建议。未来研究应聚焦于技术短板，推动多领域协同创新，以实现设施电动农机装备的全面升级与广泛应用。

关键词: 设施农业, 电动农机, 关键技术, 发展趋势

Abstract:

With the continuous expansion of facility agriculture in China, the research and application of electric agricultural machinery have become a hotspot in the agricultural field. Mechanization and intelligence have become important trends in the development of modern facility agriculture. This study aims to comprehensively review electric agricultural machinery and equipment used in facilities, analyze its technical characteristics, application fields, and research progress, and propose improvement suggestions for existing shortcomings in its development, so as to promote the further advancement and industrial improvement of electric machinery and equipment for facility agriculture in China. By reviewing existing research findings, this study systematically analyzes the production system of intelligent electric agricultural machinery for facility agriculture, with a focus on six key generic technologies: energy management of battery systems, high-efficiency drive technology of hub motors, coordinated control of multi-power output, stable travel technology of electric drive chassis, environment perception and autonomous navigation technology, and multi-machine cooperative operation technology. Meanwhile, in view of current shortcomings in power batteries, electric drive systems, environmental perception, and attitude control, the study proposes directions for optimization. The research shows that electric agricultural machinery used in facilities, through automation and intelligent technologies, can efficiently perform various tasks such as planting, harvesting, spraying, fertilization, and weeding, significantly improving the efficiency, accuracy, and sustainability of agricultural production. However, there are still technical bottlenecks in power battery endurance, electric drive system stability, environmental perception accuracy, and attitude control, which restrict further promotion and application. In order to accelerate the development and industrial improvement of electric facility agricultural equipment in China, this study proposes suggestions from the perspectives of integration of agronomy and agricultural machinery, integration of production, education, research and application, interdisciplinary integration, breakthroughs in key generic technologies, construction of basic supporting infrastructure, and establishment of a standard system. Future research should focus on technological shortcomings and promote collaborative innovation across multiple fields to achieve comprehensive upgrades and widespread application of electric agricultural equipment in facilities.

Key words: facility agriculture, electric machinery, key technologies, development trends