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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (33): 59-66.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0230

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

35种金花茶组植物花叶活性成分分析

韦晓娟(), 张幸, 王坤, 杨德任   

  1. 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院/广西林业实验室/广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室,南宁 530002
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 修回日期:2025-08-19 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 作者简介:

    韦晓娟,女,1972年出生,广西永福人,正高级工程师,本科,主要从事山茶、金花茶等特色经济林栽培与育种工作。通信地址:530002 广西南宁市邕武路23号,Tel:0771-2319966,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西重点研发计划项目“金花茶等优异山茶种质资源挖掘及新品种创制”(桂科AB23026090); 广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室课题资助项目“香花油茶栽培品种配置授粉组合的测定”(JA-22-02-01)

Analysis of Active Components in Flowers and Leaves of 35 Species of Sect. Chrysantha

WEI Xiaojuan(), ZHANG Xing, WANG Kun, YANG Deren   

  1. Guangxi Forestry Research Institute/ Guangxi Forestry Laboratory/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation & Utilization, Nanning 530002
  • Received:2025-03-20 Revised:2025-08-19 Published:2025-11-25 Online:2025-12-01

摘要:

为筛选金花茶优良种质并开发高附加值产品,本研究以35种金花茶组植物为材料,采用分光光度法测定其花叶中多酚、总皂苷、总黄酮、粗多糖含量,结合方差分析,分析比较中国金花茶、越南金花茶、杂交新品种间活性成分差异。结果表明,2023年2—3月采集的40个成熟叶样品中,14个总活性成分含量超过10.00%,其中越南多瓣金花茶(21.75%)和中国毛瓣金花茶(15.95%)表现突出;2023年11月采集的12种成熟叶中,越南多瓣金花茶仍居首位,且嫩叶活性前四均为中国金花茶(显脉、毛瓣、龙州、普通)。2023—2024年连续采样的20个花朵样品中,15个总活性超10.50%,中东金花茶(17.62%)和毛瓣金花茶(15.54%)领先,新品种‘红姑娘’(14.13%)表现优异。研究发现,叶片活性成分受苗龄显著影响(>13年活性降低),而花朵活性与苗龄关联较弱。越南多瓣金花茶在叶片多项指标中最优,中东金花茶在花朵中综合优势明显,杂交新品种‘红姑娘’兼具花叶潜力。研究结果为后续药用及园林开发提供重要种质资源。

关键词: 金花茶组, 多酚, 总皂苷, 总黄酮, 粗多糖, 叶片, 花, 分析

Abstract:

To screen elite varieties of golden Camellia and develop high value-added products, 35 species of Sect. Chrysantha plants were used as materials, the contents of polyphenols, total saponins, total flavonoids and crude polysaccharides, the main active components in flowers and leaves of golden Camellia were determined by spectrophotometry, combined with variance analysis. The differences in active components among Chinese golden Camellia, Vietnamese golden Camellia and new hybrid varieties were investigated. The results showed that among the 40 mature leaves sampled from February to March 2023, 14 had a total active component content of over 10.00%, among which the contents of C. petelotii (21.75%) and C. pubipetala (15.95%) were outstanding. The total content of active components in mature leaves of 12 species of golden Camellia sampled in November 2023 was still highest in C. petelotii, and the top four in the total content of active components in tender leaves were all Chinese golden Camellia (C. euphlebia, C. pubipetala, C. longzhouensis and C. chrysantha). Among the 20 flower samples continuously collected from 2023 to 2024, the total content of active components of 15 samples exceeded 10.50%, with C. achrysantha (17.62%) and C. pubipetala (15.54%) leading, and the new variety ‘Honguniang’ (14.13%) performed well. The research founded that the active components in leaves was significantly affected by seedling age (the activity decreased after > 13 years), while the activity of flowers was weakly correlated with seedling age. C. petelotii was the best in many indexes of leaves, C. achrysantha had obvious comprehensive advantages in flowers, and the new hybrid variety ‘Honguniang’ had both flower and leaf potential. The results provide important germplasm resources for subsequent medicinal and landscape development.

Key words: Sect. Chrysantha, polyphenol, total saponin, total flavonoid, crude polysaccharide, leaf, flower, analysis