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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (31): 79-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0361

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

降雨对陕北沿黄土石山区人工林土壤水分动态变化特征的影响

王鹏1,2(), 薛睿哲1,2, 韩侠1,2(), 徐伟洲1,2, 陈书军3, 田相林3   

  1. 1 榆林学院现代农学院，陕西榆林 719000
    2 榆林学院陕西省黄土高原饲用植物工程技术研究中心，陕西榆林 719000
    3 西北农林科技大学林学院，陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29 修回日期:2025-08-19 出版日期:2025-11-05 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者:
    韩侠，女，1994年出生，陕西榆林人，讲师，博士，主要从事植被恢复与生态适应性方面的研究。通信地址：719000 陕西省榆林市榆阳区崇文路4号 榆林学院现代农学院/陕西省黄土高原饲用植物工程技术研究中心，Tel：0912-3687210，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王鹏，男，1999年出生，陕西渭南人，硕士研究生，研究方向：生态适应性。通信地址：719000 陕西省榆林市榆阳区崇文路4号 榆林学院现代农学院/陕西省黄土高原饲用植物工程技术研究中心，Tel：0912-3687210，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省榆林市发展和改革委员会资助项目“榆林市退化生态系统治理与修复植物配置模式研究”(2023-YLSFGW-60); 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目“丛枝菌根真菌介导的水分代谢调控沙棘耐旱能力的机理研究”(2025JC-YBQN-299)

Effects of Rainfall on Dynamic Characteristics of Soil Moisture in Artificial Forests in Loess Stone Mountain Area of Northern Shaanxi

WANG Peng1,2(), XUE Ruizhe1,2, HAN Xia1,2(), XU Weizhou1,2, CHEN Shujun3, TIAN Xianglin3   

  1. 1 College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000
    2 Shaanxi Loess Plateau Forage Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000
    3 College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100
  • Received:2025-04-29 Revised:2025-08-19 Published:2025-11-05 Online:2025-11-07

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摘要：

以陕北沿黄土石山区4种典型人工林（侧柏林、油松紫穗槐林、枣树林、油松火炬林）为对象，通过长期监测不同土层(10~100 cm)土壤含水量及降雨事件，结合统计分析与图表解析，揭示陕北沿黄土石山区人工林土壤水分的时空变化特征及其对降雨的响应规律。结果表明：（1）侧柏林0~10 cm土层对降雨响应最敏感，含水量峰值与降雨同步，深层(40~80 cm)储水量最高；（2）油松紫穗槐林浅层(0~40 cm)土壤水分在强降雨后响应延迟，80~100 cm土层储水量较高，可能与紫穗槐固氮作用改善土壤结构有关；（3）枣树林浅层(10~20 cm)保水能力有限，短期降雨后水分流失快，但持续强降雨下表层保水性增强；（4）油松火炬林浅层(10~20 cm)保水能力最弱，凋落物层薄或土壤结构松散导致水分快速流失；（5）不同降雨强度的影响具有层次性，小到中等强度降雨(≤30 mm)主要影响表层(10~20 cm)土壤含水量，而强降雨(>30 mm)通过优先流快速补给深层土壤水分。研究表明，侧柏林因深层储水能力和稳定水分动态更适应水分胁迫环境，油松紫穗槐林适合改善深层土壤结构，枣树林和油松火炬林需结合保水措施以提升生态效益。本研究可为陕北沿黄土石山区人工林优化配置与水土保持提供科学依据。

关键词: 陕北沿黄土石山区, 人工林, 土壤水分, 降雨响应

Abstract:

This study focused on the four typical artificial forests (Platycladus orientalis forest, Pinus tabuliformis - Amorpha fruticosa forest, Ziziphus jujuba forest and Pinus tabuliformis - Rhus typhina forest) in the loess stone mountain area of northern Shaanxi. It aimed to explore the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of soil moisture in artificial forests and their response patterns to rainfall by long-term monitoring of soil moisture content in different soil layers (10-100 cm) and rainfall events, combining with statistical and graphical analysis. The results showed that: (1) the 0-10 cm soil layer in the Platycladus orientalis forest was the most sensitive to rainfall, with the peak water content synchronizing with rainfall events, and its deep layers (40-80 cm) had the highest water storage capacity. (2) The soil moisture in the shallow soil layer (0-40 cm) of the Pinus tabuliformis - A. fruticosa forest had a delay response after heavy rainfall, and the water storage capacity in the 80-100 cm soil layer was relatively high, which might be related to the nitrogen-fixing function of the A. fruticosa. (3) The water retention capacity of the shallow layer (10 to 20 cm) in the Z. jujuba forest was limited and the water loss occurred rapidly after short-term rainfall. However, under continuous heavy rainfall, the water retention capacity of the shallow layer was increased. (4) The water retention capacity in the shallow layer (10-20 cm) of the Pinus tabuliformis - R. typhina forest was the weakest, which might because the thin litter layer or loose soil structure leads to rapid water loss. (5) The influence of different rainfall intensities was hierarchical: light to moderate rainfall (≤30 mm) primarily affected the soil moisture content of the shallow layer (10-20 cm), while heavy rainfall (>30 mm) rapidly replenishes the deep soil moisture via preferential flow. These results indicated that the Platycladus orientalis forest was more suitable for water stress environments due to its deep water storage capacity and stable water dynamics. The Pinus tabuliformis - A. fruticosa forest was suitable for improving the deep soil structure, whereas the Z. jujuba forest and the Pinus tabuliformis - R. typhina forest required water retention measures to enhance ecological benefits. This study provides a scientific basis for the optimal allocation of artificial forests and soil and water conservation in the loess stone mountain area of northern Shaanxi.

Key words: loess stone mountain area of northern Shaanxi, artificial forest, soil moisture, rainfall response