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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 94-99.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0482

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮源对糠醛渣好氧堆肥腐熟特性的影响

王江霄1(), 王勤礼1(), 和国伟1, 熊鹰2, 邓浩亮1, 边开奇2, 金永生2   

  1. 1 河西学院甘肃省食用菌菌糠资源化利用工程研究中心，甘肃张掖 734000
    2 临泽县奋君矿业有限公司，甘肃张掖 734200
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-11 修回日期:2025-08-29 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 通讯作者:
    王勤礼，男，1966年出生，甘肃永昌人，教授，硕士，主要从事蔬菜栽培及农业废弃物资源化利用等研究工作。通信地址：734000 甘肃省张掖市环城北路846号 河西学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王江霄，女，1999年出生，甘肃武山人，硕士研究生，研究方向：盐碱地改良。通信地址：734000 甘肃省张掖市甘州区 河西学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技计划项目“混维凹凸棒石基酸化土壤修复材料的研究与开发”(25CXJG014); 张掖市市级科技计划项目“凹凸棒石基退化土壤调理剂研发与应用示范”(ZY2024JS27); 张掖市重大技术攻关揭榜挂帅项目“凹凸棒石基沙性土壤改良新材料的研究与应用”(ZY2024JBGS02); 张掖市市级科技计划——科研条件改善专项项目“河西走廊绿洲农业区水氮耦合对提升制种玉米种子活力的关键技术研究与示范”(ZY2022KY02)

Effects of Nitrogen Sources on Maturity Characteristics of Furfural Residue Aerobic Composting

WANG Jiangxiao1(), WANG Qinli1(), HE Guowei1, XIONG Ying2, DENG Haoliang1, BIAN Kaiqi2, JIN Yongsheng2   

  1. 1 Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Edible Fungi Mushroom Residue, Hexi University,Zhangye, Gansu 734000
    2 Linze County Fenjun Mining Co., Ltd., Zhangye, Gansu 734200
  • Received:2025-06-11 Revised:2025-08-29 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

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摘要：

为探究不同氮源配比对糠醛渣好氧堆肥腐熟效果的影响，优选最佳配比方案，设置7种糠醛渣、菌糠与尿素的配比处理（各处理碳氮比均控制为28），分别为糠醛渣1000 kg+尿素16 kg(T1)、糠醛渣900 kg+菌糠100 kg+尿素14.2 kg(T2)、糠醛渣800 kg+菌糠200 kg+尿素10 kg(T3)、糠醛渣700 kg+菌糠300 kg+尿素7 kg(T4)、糠醛渣600 kg+菌糠400 kg+尿素4.5 kg(T5)、糠醛渣500 kg+菌糠500 kg+尿素1.3 kg(T6)及糠醛渣1000 kg(CK)。通过测定堆肥腐熟过程中温度、pH、有机质、铵态氮、速效钾、有效磷的动态变化，结合腐熟后浸提液对白菜种子发芽率和发芽指数等的影响，评估不同处理的腐熟效果。结果表明，T4处理升温速率最快，且50℃以上高温维持时间最长；随着发酵时间的延长，各处理pH趋于中性，电导率呈上升趋势，有机质含量逐渐下降，铵态氮含量上升，有效磷和速效钾含量下降。堆肥腐熟结束后，不同处理稳定期浸提液对白菜种子发芽率影响有一定差异，CK为44.66%，其余各处理堆肥稳定期浸提液的白菜种子发芽率均高达90%以上；T4、T5、T6的GI达到80%以上，其中T4的GI最优。综合来看，不同氮源配比对糠醛渣好氧堆肥腐熟效果影响显著，其中T4效果最佳，各项指标均优于其他处理。

关键词: 糠醛渣, 菌糠, 氮源, 堆肥腐熟, 碳氮比

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different nitrogen sources on the maturation process of furfural residue aerobic composting, aiming to identify the optimal nitrogen ratio for promoting furfural residue maturation. Under controlled carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 28, seven treatments with different proportions of furfural residue, mushroom bran and urea were established: T1 (furfural residue 1000 kg+ urea 16 kg), T2 (furfural residue 900 kg+mushroom bran 100 kg+ urea 14.2 kg), T3 (furfural residue 800 kg+ mushroom bran 200 kg+ urea 10 kg), T4 (furfural residue 700 kg+ mushroom bran 300 kg+ urea 7 kg), T5 (furfural residue 600 kg+mushroom bran 400 kg+ urea 4.5 kg), T6 (furfural residue 500 kg +mushroom bran 500 kg+ urea 1.3 kg), CK (furfural residue 1000 kg). The effects of different treatments were evaluated based on temperature, pH, organic matter content, ammonium nitrogen content, available potassium content, available phosphorus content, seed germination rate, and germination index during the composting maturation process. The results showed that T4 showed the fastest temperature increase and maintained temperatures above 50℃ for the longest duration; with prolonged fermentation time, pH values of all treatments tended toward neutral; electrical conductivity showed an increasing trend; organic matter content gradually decreased; ammonium nitrogen content increased; available phosphorus and potassium showed decreasing trends. After composting maturation, the control (CK) showed only 44.66% of Chinese cabbage seed germination rate; all other treatments achieved >90% germination rate; T4, T5 and T6 demonstrated germination index (GI)>80%. Different nitrogen sources significantly affected furfural residue aerobic composting maturation. The T4 treatment demonstrated optimal performance across all evaluation metrics.

Key words: furfural residue, mushroom bran, nitrogen source, composting maturation, C/N