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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 49-54.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0424

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源有机肥碳氮比对植烟红壤微环境及烟叶品质的影响

张晓伟1(), 杨宗云2, 倪明3, 赵新梅3, 王炽3, 杨树明3(), 徐兴阳2   

  1. 1 云南省烟草质量监督检测站，昆明 650106
    2 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司，昆明 650051
    3 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-02 修回日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-04-11
  • 通讯作者:
    杨树明，男，1973年出生，云南武定人，研究员，博士，主要从事烤烟营养与肥料研究。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号，Tel：0871-6515114，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张晓伟，男，1984年出生，云南维西人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟叶和肥料质量检验研究。通信地址：650106 云南省昆明市高新开发区科医路41号，Tel：0871-68311089，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目“烟用商品有机肥质量控制标准和监测体系构建及应用”(2021530000241034); “基于品牌适配性的云南植烟生态区域定位研究及应用”(2022539200340097); 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司项目“寻甸县‘烤烟+多元产业’融合发展模式研究与应用”(KMYC202205)

Effects of C/N Ratio of Exogenous Organic Fertilizer on Red Soil Microenvironment and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

ZHANG Xiaowei1(), YANG Zongyun2, NI Ming3, ZHAO Xinmei3, WANG Chi3, YANG Shuming3(), XU Xingyang2   

  1. 1 Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming 650106
    2 Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Kunming 650051
    3 Agricultural Resources & Environment Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2023-06-02 Revised:2023-10-09 Published:2024-04-15 Online:2024-04-11

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摘要：

碳氮比是反映有机肥肥效的重要指标之一。探讨有机肥碳氮比对烤烟根际土壤微环境及烟叶产质量的影响，为土壤培肥及其可持续管理提供科学依据。2021—2022年在云南省寻甸酸性山原红壤上，以烤烟‘云烟87’为材料，采用大田试验，研究等氮磷钾条件下施无机化肥对照(T1，CK)，以及配施不同碳氮比有机肥(10:1、15:1、20:1、25:1)对植烟土壤肥力、土壤团聚体、微生物群落及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，T2、T3、T5土壤pH升高0.09~0.13个单位；T2、T3、T4、T5显著增加土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷及有机碳含量，分别提高9.91%~17.40%、9.11%~16.45%、7.16%~43.68%、11.61%~39.54%；T2、T3土壤速效钾含量较CK显著提高8.12%、14.63%。T2、T3、T4、T5的土壤SOC含量及C/N较CK分别显著提高11.61%~39.54%、4.48%~29.72%。T2、T3、T4、T5的大粒径团聚体(>5、2~5、1~2 mm)含量显著增加20.75%~75.91%、10.06%~54.50%和16.98%~66.13%；而其微团聚体(0.053~0.25、<0.053 mm)含量较CK显著下降10.61%~54.52%；土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌及微生物量碳、氮含量均显著增加。T2、T3可促进烟株生长，其叶面积较CK分别显著增加7.36%和14.92%。与CK相比，T2、T3的产量和产值分别显著提高11.99%、16.93%及5.92%、15.46%。T3能显著增加烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量，降低总氮和烟碱含量，烟叶化学成分较协调。施碳氮比(10:1、15:1)的有机肥有利于提升土壤pH及土壤肥力，改善土壤团聚体结构和稳定性，增加土壤微生物数量及微生物群落丰度，促进烤烟发育，提高烟叶产值和品质。

关键词: 烤烟, 碳氮比, 有机肥, 团聚体结构, 品质

Abstract:

C/N ratio is one of the important fertility indexes to reflect organic fertilizer efficiency. The study explored the effects of C/N ratio on rhizosphere soil microenvironment, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and provided a scientific basis for soil fertilization and its sustainable management. Using flue-cured tobacco variety ‘Yunyan 87’ as material, a two-year (2021 to 2022) field experiment was conducted on the acidic upland red soil in Xundian County, Yunnan Province, and the effects of applying different C/N ratios (10:1, 15:1, 20:1 and 25:1) of organic manure on fertility, water-stable aggregate, microbial structure, yield and quality were studied under equal NPK conditions. The results showed that compared with treatment T1 (CK), treatments of T2, T3 and T5 significantly improved soil pH by 0.09-0.13 units. The treatments of T2, T3, T4 and T5 significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, available N, P and organic carbon by 9.91%-17.40%, 9.11%-16.45%, 7.16%-43.68% and 11.61%-39.54%, respectively. Meanwhile, T2 and T3 significantly increased available K by 8.12% and 14.63%. T2, T3, T4 and T5 significantly enhanced the contents of SOC, C/N by 11.61%-39.54% and 4.48%-29.72%, respectively over the treatments of applying chemical fertilizer. Compared with CK, the contents of large-size aggregates (>5, 2-5 and 1-2 mm ) in T2, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly increased by 20.75%-75.91%, 10.06%-54.50% and 16.98%-66.13%, and the contents of micro-aggregates (0.053-0.25 and <0.053 mm) were decreased by 10.61%-54.52%. Accordingly, treatments of T2, T3, T4 and T5 significantly increased soil fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, microbial biomass C, N community to some extent, compared with that of CK. T2 and T3 could promote the growth of tobacco plants, and their leaf area increased significantly by 7.36% and 14.92% compared with CK. Moreover, the yield and output value of T2 and T3 were significant increased by 11.99%, 16.93% and 5.92%, 15.46%, respectively. T3 could significantly increase total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium, and reduce the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine, and chemical composition of tobacco leaves was more harmonious. Application of organic fertilizer with C/N ratio (10:1, 15:1) was not only favorable to improve soil pH, fertility, aggregate structure and stability in upland red soil, but also increase soil microbial quantity and community structure abundance, promoting tobacco growth, output value and quality of tobacco leaves.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, C/N ratio, organic manure, structure of aggregate, quality