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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 100-105.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0736

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

信阳毛尖茶开采期预报模型的建立及分析

李俊玲1(), 冯雨1, 邵淑贤2, 陈志云1, 高凤光1, 胡锦潭1, 蒋双丰1()   

  1. 1 信阳市农业科学院, 河南信阳 464000
    2 信阳市茶产业发展中心, 河南信阳 464000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-03 修回日期:2026-04-03 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    蒋双丰,女,1982年出生,副研究员,学士,主要从事茶树种质创新方面的研究。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李俊玲,女,1997年出生,助理研究员,学士,主要从事茶树育种方面的研究。通信地址:464000 河南省信阳市浉河区民权南段河南路20号 信阳市农业科学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19); 河南省重点研发与推广专项(252102110317)

Establishment and Analysis of Prediction Model for Picking Period of Xinyang Maojian Tea

LI Junling1(), FENG Yu1, SHAO Shuxian2, CHEN Zhiyun1, GAO Fengguang1, HU Jintan1, JIANG Shuangfeng1()   

  1. 1 Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang, Henan 464000
    2 Xinyang Tea Industry Development Center, Xinyang, Henan 464000
  • Received:2025-09-03 Revised:2026-04-03 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

精准的开采期预测能够科学指导春季生产、保障茶叶品质、规范市场交易、减少市场波动以及促进茶叶全产业链的健康可持续发展至关重要。本研究旨在探明影响信阳毛尖茶开采期的主要气象因子,采用皮尔逊相关性分析法,量化了历史开采期与同期及前期多个气象因子(包括平均气温、降水量、不同深度地温等)之间的线性关联强度与方向。将显著相关的因子纳入逐步回归分析,构建了信阳毛尖茶的开采期预测模型。结果显示:春季茶叶的开采日期与1月中旬的4项关键气象指标存在显著关联:与降水量呈现显著正相关(r =0.939, P <0.05),与平均气温(r=-0.966, P <0.1)、0 cm地温(r=-0.949, P<0.05)及10 cm地温(r =-0.913, P <0.05)呈显著负相关。基于筛选变量的逐步回归分析构建的预测模型(R2=0.99, P<0.01)可实现提前50~60 d的精准预测,平均绝对误差为0.3 d,预测误差控制在±2 d以内。该模型的应用可为提前60 d进行开采期预测,实现采摘劳力的梯度配置,有效规避因采收时序偏差导致的鲜叶内质劣变。此外,模型输出的物候预测数据还能为生物防治的精准施药以及霜冻、干旱等极端天气的预警阈值设定提供量化依据,为“按需生产”的现代农业模式提供科技支撑。

关键词: 信阳毛尖茶, 开采期, 预报模型, 气象因子, 信阳市浉河区

Abstract:

Accurate prediction of the tea-picking period can scientifically guide spring production, preserve tea quality, standardize the market, reduce market fluctuations, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the entire tea industry chain. In this study, to identify the key meteorological factors affecting the picking period of Xinyang Maojian tea, Pearson correlation analysis was first applied to calculate the correlation coefficients between historical picking dates and multiple concurrent and antecedent meteorological factors (including mean temperature, precipitation, and soil temperatures at different depths), so as to quantify the strength and direction of the linear relationships between these factors and the picking date. Significant correlated factors were then incorporated into the stepwise regression analysis to establish a prediction model. The results revealed significant correlations between the spring tea-picking date and four key meteorological indicators in mid-January: a significant positive correlation with precipitation (r = 0.939, P< 0.05), and significant negative correlations with mean temperature (r = -0.966, P < 0.1), 0 cm ground temperature (r = -0.949, P < 0.05), and 10 cm ground temperature (r = -0.913, P < 0.05). The prediction model based on stepwise regression analysis of screening variables (R2 = 0.99, P < 0.01) can achieve accurate prediction of 50-60 days in advance, with a mean absolute error of 0.3 days and prediction errors within ±2 days. The application of this model enables the staggered allocation of picking labour force 60 days ahead, effectively avoiding quality degradation of fresh leaves caused by mistimed harvest. Moreover, the phenological predictions generated by the model can provide a quantitative basis for precise pesticide application in biological control, as well as for setting early-warning thresholds for extreme weather events such as frost and drought. This study offers scientific and technological support for the modern agricultural model of “on-demand production”.

Key words: Xinyang Maojian tea, picking period, forecast model, meteorological factor, Shihe District, Xinyang City

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