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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 158-165.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0770

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

花生叶斑病的发生与综合防控技术研究进展

李保嘉1,2(), 段灵涛2,3, 王希4, 杨紫玉1,2, 孙清华1,2, 邓兴1,2, 孟雨琪1,2, 王萍1,2, 阴长发2,3, 黄建华2,3, 陈洪凡2,3, 兰波2,3, 杨迎青2,3, 李云鹏1()   

  1. 1 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院, 哈尔滨 150080
    2 江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 南昌 330200
    3 农业面源污染防控与废弃物综合利用江西省重点实验室, 南昌 330200
    4 江西省农业农村产业发展服务中心, 南昌 330006
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09 修回日期:2026-04-28 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    李云鹏,女,1976年出生,黑龙江绥滨人,副教授,博士,研究方向:植物病害防治与生理生态。通信地址:150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,Tel:0451-86609487,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李保嘉,女,2001年出生,内蒙古通辽人,硕士在读,研究方向:植物病原真菌学。通信地址:150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“油料作物病虫害演替规律与全程绿色防控技术体系集成示范”(2024YFD1400800); 江西省现代农业产业技术体系项目“江西省油料作物病虫草害绿色防控技术集成与示范”(JXARS-03); 江西省重点实验室项目“农业面源污染防控与废弃物综合利用江西省重点实验室”(2024SSY04211)

Research Progress on Occurrence and Comprehensive Control Techniques of Peanut Leaf Spot Diseases

LI Baojia1,2(), DUAN Lingtao2,3, WANG Xi4, YANG Ziyu1,2, SUN Qinghua1,2, DENG Xing1,2, MENG Yuqi1,2, WANG Ping1,2, YIN Changfa2,3, HUANG Jianhua2,3, CHEN Hongfan2,3, LAN Bo2,3, YANG Yingqing2,3, LI Yunpeng1()   

  1. 1 College of Modern Agriculture and Ecology, Heilongjiang University, Ha’erbin 150080
    2 Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200
    3 Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control and Waste Comprehensive Utilization, Nanchang 330200
    4 Agricultural and Rural Industrial Development Service Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006
  • Received:2025-09-09 Revised:2026-04-28 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

花生叶斑病作为严重制约中国花生产业健康发展的主要病害,其有效防控对于产业可持续发展至关重要。本研究系统阐述了由不同病原菌引起的褐斑病、黑斑病、网斑病和焦斑病的症状特征,从连作重茬、温湿度条件、品种抗性等方面介绍了其发病条件,并从发病条件、侵染过程以及侵染循环等方面分析了花生叶斑病的发生规律。基于侵染过程及田间流行规律,阐述了花生叶斑病的综合防控策略。从清除病残体、合理轮作、加强田间管理和选用抗病品种等方面介绍了花生叶斑病的主要农业防治措施;从生防菌的竞争、抑菌代谢物和诱导抗性等机制角度阐述了花生叶斑病在生物防治领域的主要研究进展;从化学药剂的高效性与安全性等方面介绍了花生叶斑病在化学防治领域的主要研究进展。提出减量增效、精准轮换和绿色剂型的使用原则。笔者认为,花生叶斑病的防控应坚持以农业防治为基础,结合生物防治与化学防治,建立减量增效、精准轮换和绿色防控的综合技术模式,以保障中国花生产业的可持续发展。

关键词: 花生叶斑病, 病原菌, 流行规律, 综合防控, 抗病育种, 研究进展

Abstract:

Peanut leaf spot disease is a major disease severely restricting the healthy development of the peanut industry in China, and its effective prevention and control is crucial for the sustainable development of the industry. This paper systematically elaborated on the symptomatic characteristics of various leaf spot diseases, including Cercospora arachidicola, Cercosporium personatuma, Phoma arachidicola, and Leptosphaerulina crassiasca, caused by different pathogens. It introduced the disease-promoting conditions from aspects such as continuous mono-cropping, temperature and humidity conditions, and variety resistance. Furthermore, the occurrence patterns of peanut leaf spot disease were analyzed based on factors including the pathogenic conditions, the infection process, and the disease cycle. Based on the infection process and field epidemiology, the comprehensive prevention and control strategy of peanut leaf spot disease was expounded. Main agricultural prevention and control measures of peanut leaf spot disease were introduced from the aspects of removing diseased residues, reasonable rotation, strengthening field management, and selecting disease-resistant varieties; the main research progress of peanut leaf spot disease in the field of biological control was expounded from the aspects of the competitive mechanism of biological control bacteria, antimicrobial metabolites and induced resistance; the main research progress of peanut leaf spot disease in the field of chemical control was introduced from the aspects of the high efficiency and safety of chemical agents. The principles of reducing dosage and increasing efficiency, precise rotation, and green agent types were proposed. We believe that the prevention and control of peanut leaf spot disease should adhere to the basis of agricultural control, combined with biological control and chemical control, and establish a comprehensive technical model to ensure the sustainable development of China's peanut industry.

Key words: peanut leaf spot diseases, pathogenic fungi, epidemic regulation, comprehensive prevention and control, disease-resistant breeding, research progress

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