水稻重大病虫害综合防控科技创新进展与展望

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0157

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻作为全球重要的粮食作物，在保障粮食安全方面发挥着不可替代的作用，但水稻生产面临诸多挑战，尤其是病虫害问题日益严峻，对产量和品质构成了重大威胁。本研究介绍了国外主要水稻病虫害及其生物防治和生态调控技术，分析了中国水稻病虫害的种类、发生情况及目前的防控进展，强调了生物防治和非化学防控技术在减少化学农药使用中的重要性。针对当前水稻重大病虫害综合防控中存在的关键问题，如科技支持不足、监管不严、防控技术产业化程度低等，提出了“十五五”期间科技创新的主要目标和重点方向，包括病虫害灾变形成机制的研究、水稻免疫机制与绿色防控技术的开发等。此外，强调了整合新兴科技，如人工智能和基因编辑技术，以提高水稻病虫害的综合防控能力，确保水稻产业的可持续发展。

关键词: 水稻病虫害, 防控进展, 水稻免疫, 综合防控, 科技创新, 前沿技术

Abstract:

As an important food crop in the world, rice plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring food security. However, rice production faces many challenges, especially the increasingly serious problem of pests and diseases, which poses a major threat to yield and quality. This paper reviews the major rice pests and diseases worldwide, along with biological control and ecological regulation technologies. It analyzes the types, occurrence patterns, and current progress in the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases in China, emphasizing the importance of biological control and non-chemical pest management in reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides. Key challenges in the integrated management of major rice pests and diseases, such as insufficient scientific and technological support, weak regulatory oversight, and the low level of industrialization of control technologies, are discussed. In response, the paper proposes the main objectives and key directions for technological innovation during the '15^th Five-Year Plan' period, including research on the formation mechanisms of pest outbreaks, the development of rice immune mechanisms, and green control technologies. Furthermore, it highlights the integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and gene editing, to enhance the comprehensive management of rice pests and diseases, ensuring the sustainable development of the rice industry.

Key words: rice pests and diseases, prevention and control progress, rice immunity, integrated management, technological innovation, cutting-edge technology

万品俊. 水稻重大病虫害综合防控科技创新进展与展望[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(26): 39-51.

WAN Pinjun. Scientific and Technological Innovations in Integrated Management of Major Rice Diseases and Pests: Progress and Prospects[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(26): 39-51.

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