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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (26): 163-172.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0368

• 乡村振兴 • 上一篇    

中国乡村发展科技创新趋势与战略发展方向

庄严1(), 李志鹏2, 唐秀观3, 王教领4, 宋云生5, 姜茜6, 杨波7   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所， 北京 100193
    2 福建省农业科学院数字农业研究所， 福州 350004
    3 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所， 南宁 530001
    4 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所， 南京 210014
    5 江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所， 江苏苏州 215106
    6 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所， 北京 100081
    7 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所， 天津 300191
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12 修回日期:2025-07-30 出版日期:2025-10-12 发布日期:2025-10-12
  • 作者简介:

    庄严，男，1979年出生，辽宁锦州人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：农业科技管理。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所，Tel：010-62815836，E-mail：。

Trend and Strategic Development Direction of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Rural Development in China

ZHUANG Yan1(), LI Zhipeng2, TANG Xiuguan3, WANG Jiaoling4, SONG Yunsheng5, JIANG Qian6, YANG Bo7   

  1. 1 Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
    2 Institute of Digital Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350004
    3 Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001
    4 Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014
    5 Jiangsu Taihu Area Agricultural Science Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215106
    6 Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    7 Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191
  • Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-07-30 Published:2025-10-12 Online:2025-10-12

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摘要： 中国乡村发展正处于全面振兴与农业农村现代化的战略机遇期，但面临特色产业链与创新链融合不足、乡村多元价值开发滞后、绿色低碳技术支撑不足等核心瓶颈。本研究聚焦“十五五”期间中国乡村发展科技创新的趋势与战略方向，运用文献综述、案例分析和趋势预测等方法，深入分析国内外乡村发展研究现状与趋势，剖析中国乡村发展面临的问题，提出“十五五”科技创新的目标与任务。结果发现，当前科技创新的核心矛盾包括：一是产业链与创新链融合不足，导致生产结构布局不优、品牌建设薄弱、联农带农机制松散；二是多元价值开发缺乏技术赋能，评估体系与转化路径缺失；三是绿色低碳技术集成应用不足，资源利用效率与生态修复技术转化率偏低。据此提出中国乡村发展科技创新的总体目标：以科技创新驱动特色产业转型、多元价值开发与绿色低碳发展，促进一二三产业融合发展。具体目标包括：聚焦200个重点乡村特色产业，构建600项以上技术规程、1000个标准化基地和10套多功能价值评估体系，建成100个绿色低碳示范点，明确6个重点任务方向。核心创新路径为：构建“科技链—产业链—价值链”三链融合机制，通过科技引领产业升级、标准提升品牌价值、增值收益联结农户；探索“数字技术下沉”落地路径，开发县域适配的轻量化工具包，建立“专家远程指导+本土人才实操”推广模式。综上，科技创新是乡村全面振兴的关键驱动力。通过加强顶层设计、人才培养、科技攻关和投入保障，推动科技成果转化落地，可有效破解发展瓶颈，为“十五五”乡村科技创新政策制定提供靶向支撑，助力乡村现代化目标实现。

关键词: 乡村振兴, 科技创新, 特色农业, 绿色低碳, 多元价值, 产业融合, 数字乡村, 生态农业

Abstract:

Rural development in China is in a period of strategic opportunities for comprehensive revitalization and agricultural and rural modernization. However, it faces core bottlenecks such as insufficient integration of characteristic industrial chain and innovation chain, lagging development of rural multiple values, and insufficient support for green and low-carbon technologies. This study focuses on the trend and strategic direction of scientific and technological innovation in China 's rural development during the '15th Five-Year Plan' period. By using the methods of literature review, case analysis and trend forecasting, this paper analyzes the current situation and trend of rural development research at home and abroad, analyzes the problems faced by China's rural development, and puts forward the goals and tasks of scientific and technological innovation during the '15th Five-Year Plan' period. The results show that the core contradictions of current scientific and technological innovation include: the lack of integration of industrial chain and innovation chain leads to poor layout of production structure, weak brand building, and loose mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture; the lack of technological empowerment in the development of multiple values, and the lack of evaluation system and transformation path; the integrated application of green low-carbon technology is insufficient, and the conversion rate of resource utilization efficiency and ecological restoration technology is low. The overall goal of rural technological innovation in China is to develop characteristic agricultural industries based on local conditions, promote the deep integration of technological and industrial innovation, enhance endogenous momentum for industrial growth, improve the overall benefits of characteristic agriculture, highlight rural multifunctional values, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Specific goals include serving approximately 200 rural characteristic industries, formulating over 600 technical standards, building more than 1000 standardized demonstration bases and 10 rural multifunctional value evaluation systems, establishing over 100 green and low-carbon demonstration villages, and clarifying six major task directions. The core innovation path is to build a three-chain integration mechanism of 'science and technology chain-industrial chain-value chain', to lead industrial upgrading through science and technology, to enhance brand value through standards, and to connect farmers with value-added benefits; explore the landing path of 'digital technology sinking', develop a lightweight toolkit for county adaptation, and establish a promotion model of 'expert remote guidance + local talent practice'. Scientific and technological innovation is a key driving force for comprehensive rural revitalization. By strengthening top-level design, talent cultivation, technological support, and financial investment, the implementation of scientific and technological achievements in rural areas can be accelerated, thereby promoting the transformation of characteristic industries, the construction of green countryside, and the development of rural multifunctional values.

Key words: rural revitalization, technological innovation, characteristic agriculture, green and low-carbon, multifunctional value, industrial integration, digital countryside, ecological agriculture