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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 7-14.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0227

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦玉米种植系统碳足迹核算与评估——基于山东省巨野县的实证分析

牛玉军()   

  1. 山东省巨野县农业农村局, 山东菏泽 274900
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-24 修回日期:2026-07-07 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 作者简介:

    牛玉军,男,1970年出生,山东菏泽人,高级农艺师,本科,研究方向:农业技术推广与应用。通信地址:274900 山东省巨野县凤凰街道古城街215号 单位巨野县农业农村局,Tel:0530-8212414,E-mail:

Carbon Footprint Accounting and Assessment of Wheat and Maize Cropping Systems Based on Empirical Analysis of Juye County in Shandong Province

NIU Yujun()   

  1. Juye County Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau, Heze, Shandong 274900
  • Received:2026-03-24 Revised:2026-07-07 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

本研究旨在通过对山东省巨野县小麦和玉米的基础生产数据进行定量分析,为推动低碳绿色农业发展以及实现农业碳中和提供数据支持和理论依据。研究采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,以2023年巨野县的小麦和玉米种植系统为研究对象,通过系统收集2种粮食作物的播种面积、产量水平、化肥施用量、农药使用量、柴油消耗量及灌溉用电量等基础数据,对粮食生产过程中的碳足迹进行定量核算与评估。结果表明:2023年,巨野县小麦和玉米的生产碳足迹分别为12.36万t和7.68万t,小麦单位播种面积和单位产量碳足迹为2.27 t/hm2和0.35 t/t,玉米为1.70 t/hm2和0.24 t/t;小麦单位产值和单位利润碳足迹为1.26、2.28 t/万元,玉米为0.77、1.11 t/万元。小麦生产碳足迹和单位碳足迹均高于玉米生产。肥料、农田、灌溉用电和农机柴油消耗是小麦玉米生产体系最主要的碳排放源,其贡献率分别占全年碳排放总量的34.91%、26.14%、19.32%和15.43%。肥料和机械化投入对小麦和玉米生产体系的碳排放和生产成本都起到了远大于种子和农药的贡献作用。因此,优化肥料施用、发展节水灌溉技术以及推进高效机械化种植等措施是实现经济效益和生态效益双赢的可持续发展策略。

关键词: 小麦玉米种植系统, 碳足迹, LCA, 碳排放

Abstract:

The study aimed to conduct a quantitative analysis using basic production data of wheat and corn from Juye County, Shandong Province, so as to provide data support and theoretical foundations for developing low-carbon, green agriculture and achieving agricultural carbon neutrality. Employing the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, the research focused on the wheat and corn cropping systems in Juye County in 2023. By systematically collecting fundamental data, including sown area, yield levels, fertilizer application rates, pesticide usage, diesel consumption, and irrigation electricity use, the study quantitatively calculated and evaluated the carbon footprint throughout the grain production process. The results showed that in 2023, the carbon footprints of wheat and corn production in Juye County were 123600 tons and 76800 tons, respectively. The carbon footprint per unit sown area and per unit yield for wheat was 2.27 t/hm2 and 0.35 t/t, and that for corn was 1.70 t/hm2 and 0.24 t/t. The carbon footprint per unit output value and per unit profit for wheat was 1.26 and 2.28 t/10000 yuan, respectively, compared to 0.77 and 1.11 t/10000 yuan for corn. Both the total carbon footprint and unit carbon footprint of wheat production were higher than those of corn. Fertilizers, field operations, irrigation electricity, and diesel consumption from agricultural machinery were the main sources of carbon emissions in the wheat and corn production systems, accounting for 34.91%, 26.14%, 19.32%, and 15.43% of annual total emissions, respectively. In both wheat and corn production, fertilizers and machinery contributed more significantly to carbon emissions and production costs than seeds and pesticides. Therefore, optimizing fertilizer application, promoting water-saving irrigation, and advancing efficient mechanized farming are sustainable strategies that can achieve a win-win outcome for both economic and ecological benefits.

Key words: wheat and maize production system, carbon footprint, LCA, carbon emission

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