欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (33): 23-29.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0105

所属专题： 油料作物

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土塬区施肥策略对大豆生物量分配及转化积累的影响

王小林1(), 张盼盼1, 纪晓玲1, 张静1, 张雄1(), 乔文渊2   

  1. 1榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林 719000
    2陕西省榆林市横山区农技推广中心,陕西榆林 719100
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-29 修回日期:2021-05-13 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 张雄
  • 作者简介:王小林,男,1983年出生,陕西渭南人,副教授,博士,研究方向：作物根土界面水肥高效利用。通信地址：719000 陕西省榆林市榆阳区崇文路4号 榆林学院生命科学学院,Tel: 0912-3893608,E-mail： wangxl8304@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省榆林市科技计划项目“黄土旱区大豆集雨补灌增产增效技术研究”(2019-106-2);国家自然科学基金项目“黄土旱区根土界面养分调控提高谷子水分养分利用效率机制研究”(31751001);“黄土旱区根土界面土壤C/N调控的谷子根系水分高效利用机制研究”(41967013);榆林学院高层次人才科研启动金 “黄土旱区土壤水肥耦合与谷子高产高效生理机制研究”(17GK20)

Fertilizer Proportions in the Loess Hilly Region: Effects on Biomass Distribution, Transformation, and Accumulation of Soybean

Wang Xiaolin1(), Zhang Panpan1, Ji Xiaoling1, Zhang Jing1, Zhang Xiong1(), Qiao Wenyuan2   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin Shaanxi 719000
    2Agro-technical Extension and Service Center of Hengshan County, Yulin Shaanxi 719100
  • Received:2021-01-29 Revised:2021-05-13 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2022-01-06
  • Contact: Zhang Xiong

RichHTML

2

PDF (PC)

47

摘要：

为明确化肥、有机肥、生物菌肥配施对黄土旱区大豆光合性能、生物量分配和产量的影响,试验以‘汾豆78号’为试材,化肥比例配施(N、NPK、2NPK)、化肥有机肥配施(NPK-O)、化肥生物菌肥配施(NPK-B)及露地施氮对照6个模式处理,解析叶片光合生理变化和生物量积累、分配规律与产量形成之间的关联机制。结果表明：（1）2NPK、NPK-O和NPK-B模式大豆开花期叶绿素含量、叶片光合及蒸腾速率提升1.8%~5.3%,叶片水分利用效率显著增加8.8%~19.3%;（2）NPK、NPK-O和NPK-B模式显著提升大豆结荚期茎、叶生物量19.9%~46.3%;（3）NPK、2NPK和NPK-B有效调控豆荚、籽粒间生物量转化,显著提升粒荚比、收获指数11.9%和19.6%;（4）化肥优化配施模式大豆产量平均增幅34.0%,而NPK-O平均增幅41.3%,NPK-B平均增幅36.8%。总之,化肥、有机肥、生物菌肥配施具备优化土壤水肥环境,有效调节大豆叶片光合性能和生物量分配,保证旱地大豆产量稳定提升的根本效能。

关键词: 旱地大豆, 肥料配比, 光合生理调控, 生物量分配, 产量形成

Abstract:

This study aims at expounding the effects of combined application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on photosynthetic performance, biomass distribution and yield of soybean in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau. ‘Fendou 78’ was taken as the research object, and 6 treatments were adopted, including chemical fertilizer proportion application (N, NPK and 2NPK), chemical-organic combined application (NPK-O), chemical-microbial combined application (NPK-B) and the control. The association mechanism between leaf photosynthetic physiology and organs biomass accumulation, and between the distribution law and yield formation was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) SPAD, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were increased by 1.8%-5.3% at the flowering stage under 2NPK, NPK-O and NPK-B; water use efficiency of leaves was improved by 8.8%-19.3%; (2) stem and leaves biomass were significantly increased by 19.9%-46.3% under NPK、NPK-O and NPK-B; (3) NPK, 2NPK and NPK-B effectively regulated the biomass transformation between soybean pods and grains, the grain/pod rate and harvested index were obviously increased by 11.9% and 19.6%, respectively; (4) the yield of soybean was increased by 34.0% averagely under the optimized fertilizer application, the average growth rate of NPK-O was 41.3%, and the average growth rate of NPK-B was 36.8%. In conclusion, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer application could optimize soil water and nutrients status, effectively regulate the photosynthetic performance and biomass distribution of soybean, and guarantee the sustainable increase of soybean yield.

Key words: dry-land soybean, fertilizer distribution, physiological regulation of photosynthesis, biomass distribution, grain yield formation

中图分类号: